基于短波段电离层探测数据分析地下核爆引起的电离层扰动

同GNSS（全球导航卫星系统，Global Navigation Satellite System）获取电离层TEC（总电子含量，Total Electron Content）数据相比，传统的电离层垂测、斜测等短波段数据具有特征参数丰富、高度分辨率高、历史数据多等优点。为利用电离层垂测和斜测数据，研究地下核爆引起的电离层扰动。本文利用2016年1月6日朝鲜地下核试验当天的斜测、垂测数据分析电离层扰动现象。结果表明，本次地下核爆造成的行波电离层扰动为小尺度电离层扰动，传播速度在150.3-158.7(m·s-1)之间。同时核爆发生后半小时在距离爆点421.4 km处，观测到foF2较月中值增加了0.7 MHz，较1月5日、1月7日在2:00 UTC（协调世界时，Coordinated Universal Time)的foF2（F2层临界频率，critical frequency of the F2 layer）增加了0.5 MHz，极有可能是地下核爆通过岩石圈-大气圈-电离层圈耦合机制造成电离层电子浓度增加。本文分析结果与其他文献资料非常吻合。由此可见，基于短波段电离层探测方式感知电离层扰动从而实现地下核爆炸事件的监测，是一种有效的核爆电离层效应监测手段，可与其他直接监测手段相印证，提高核爆事件监测能力。

Analysis of ionospheric disturbance caused by underground nuclear explosion based on HF ionospheric detection data

In comparison to the acquisition of Total Electron Content (TEC) data using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), traditional ionospheric sounding data in the form of vertical and oblique sounding at shortwave bands offer distinct advantages, including rich characteristic parameters, high spatial resolution, and extensive historical data. In order to study the ionospheric disturbance caused by underground nuclear explosions using vertical and oblique ionospheric data. In this paper, the ionospheric disturbance phenomena are analyzed using the oblique and vertical data of North Korea''s underground nuclear test on January 6, 2016. The results indicate that the ionospheric disturbance caused by the underground nuclear explosion is characterized as a small-scale disturbance, with a propagation speed ranging between 150.3 and 158.7 m/s. Additionally, half an hour after the nuclear explosion at a distance of 421.4 km from the epicenter, an increase of 0.7 MHz in foF2 was observed compared to the monthly median. Furthermore, compared to January 5 and January 7 foF2 values at 2:00 UTC, an increase of 0.5 MHz was recorded. This is highly likely attributed to the increase in ionospheric electron density caused by the underground nuclear explosion through the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanism. The analytical results of this study align closely with other literature, affirming that the detection of ionospheric disturbances using shortwave ionospheric sensing is an effective means for monitoring underground nuclear explosions. This method can complement other direct monitoring approaches, thereby enhancing the capability for detecting nuclear explosion events.