基于量子退火算法的配电网故障定位

由于分布式电源在配电网的高渗透给有源配电网的保护技术和策略带来了挑战,致使传统方法在故障诊断中稍显逊色。针对此现状本文提出基于量子隧穿效应的量子退火算法实现故障诊断,并通过对量子退火算法进行优化以改善其在复杂配电网故障诊断中有小概率陷入局部极小值的问题。首先拓展传统故障定位适应度函数为量子退火算法的评价函数；其次,提出混沌优化产生初始磁场强度和初始温度提高搜索效率,利用自适应公式计算扰动次数,并设计陷入局部最优时的扰动方法跳出当前最优可行解；接着构造具备升温特点的温度衰减函数,选择合适形式的磁场衰减函数；最后将改进的量子退火算法进行三种经典函数的测试,并分别应用于33节点单电源和33节点含分布式电源配电网两个故障场景中。模拟仿真表明,改进量子退火算法在故障定位问题中具备可行性,能够适应联络开关的开闭变化和多个含分布式电源的投切,表现出良好的定位准确率,容错性和全局寻优能力等。

Distribution network fault section location Based on Quantum Annealing Algorithm

Conventional methods are slightly inferior in fault diagnosis due to the high penetration of distributed power sources in distribution networks, which brings challenges to the protection techniques and strategies of active distribution networks. In view of this situation, a quantum annealing algorithm based on quantum tunneling effect is proposed to realize fault diagnosis, and the quantum annealing algorithm is optimized to improve its small probability of falling into the local minimal value in complex distribution network fault diagnosis. Firstly, the traditional fault location adaptation function was extended as the evaluation function of the quantum annealing algorithm; secondly, chaotic optimization was proposed to generate the initial magnetic field strength and initial temperature to improve the search efficiency, and the number of perturbations was calculated using the adaptive formula. And designed the perturbation method to jump out the current optimal feasible solution when it falls into the local optimum; then constructed the temperature decay function with warming characteristics and selected the magnetic field decay function of suitable form; finally the optimized quantum annealing algorithm was tested for three classical functions and applied to two fault scenarios in IEEE 33-node distribution networks and IEEE 33-node distribution networks with distributed generation sources(DGs). Simulations demonstrate that the improved quantum annealing algorithm is feasible in fault section location problem. It can adapt to the opening and closing changes of interconnection switch and the switching of DGs and is characterized as good location accuracy, fault tolerance and global optimization ability.