京津冀地区民用机场交通可达性及其与人口密度的关系研究

京津冀机场群协同发展是京津冀一体化的重要组成部分,机场交通可达性研究是明晰机场服务范围,促进机场协调发展的重要手段。分析机场可达性与人口布局的关系,对京津冀地区机场协调发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究运用成本栅格加权距离算法,在GIS支持下,计算京津冀地区民用机场的交通可达性,并分析其空间分异特征,进而探讨京津冀地区交通可达性与人口密度分布的关系,揭示京津冀不同区域和不同小时圈中机场可达性与人口布局的内在机制,为区域机场协调发展、促进京津冀地区机场合理规划提供科学依据。研究表明,京津冀地区机场可达性呈现南高北低、东高西低、中间地区强于边缘地区的趋势。机场可达性与人口密度具有明显的相关性。随着机场可达性百分比的增加,人口密度百分比成减小的趋势,相关系数达-0.73(P0.01),这种负相关关系可以通过幂指数的方程来定量表达;1.5小时圈是目前京津冀地区机场可达性与人口布局产生作用的最远距离,反映了机场服务范围与人口分布的关系;北京、天津和河北省三地,机场可达性与人口布局的相关性差异显著;北京和河北省地区的机场可达性与人口分布的主要作用圈在1~1.5 h圈;天津地区的主要作用圈在0.5~1 h圈,主要与城市规划和机场布局相关。在未来的机场规划中,新建机场应在1.5 h圈范围以外,同时考虑区域的人口密度状况。

Transportation Accessibility of Civil Airports in the Jingjinji Area and Its Correlation with Population Distribution

The collaborative development of airports is an important part of integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. The research of transportation accessibility of airports is one of the important measures and methods to clarify the scope of airport service and promote the coordinated development of the airports. Then we discuss the relation of airports transportation accessibility and population distribution, which has theoretical and practical significance to coordinated development of the airports in Jingjinji area. This paper calculates spatial accessibility of all airports in Jingjinji area using cost weighted distance method and ArcGIS 10.1 as platforms, and the hour circle of accessibility is divided to analyze the relationship of airports accessibility and population density distribution in different time circle. The inherent mechanism of distribution of different hour circle airport accessibility and population density is revealed to provide the scientific basis for the coordinated development and function position of airports. The result shows that: airports accessibility have the characteristic of high in the south, low in the north, middle area better than edge area in the Jingjinji region. The spatial distribution frequency of airport accessibility in the region presents the trend of inverted U type. Most of the airports accessibility is low and intermediate level in the Jingjinji area, it is urgent to improve the regional airport accessibility. The correlation of airport accessibility and population density is significant. With the increase of the percentage of airports accessibility, the percentage of population density decreases, the correlation coefficient is -0.73, the negative correlation can be quantitatively expressed by the power exponent equation. The 1.5-hour circle is the limited distance for the effects of airports accessibility on population density distribution. The correlation have a significant difference in the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. In the Beijing and Hebei province, the main effect of airports transportation accessibility on population density distribution is 1-1.5 hour circle, in the Tianjin province, the main effect is 0.5-1 hour circle.