贵州松桃某电解锰企业锰渣重金属污染特征及对植物生长的毒性效应

为综合评估电解锰渣重金属污染特征及任意堆弃对周边植物生长造成的危害,以贵州松桃某电解锰企业锰渣为研究对象,对渣样的重金属元素组成、含量及锰形态进行了分析测试,同时在实验室模拟研究了电解锰渣、浸出液及浸出残渣对白菜、油菜、黑麦草和紫花苜蓿种子的发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长、鲜重、干重、发芽指数及活力指数的影响。结果表明:电解锰渣及其浸出液重金属主要为Mn,分别为28 000 mg·kg~(-1)、82.00 mg·L~(-1);电解锰渣及浸出液对植物根伸长的抑制效应明显大于对种子发芽的影响,对根伸长的抑制率达42.5%以上,甚至达到100.0%。

Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution in Manganese Residues of Electrolytic Manganese in Songtao, Guizhou and Its Toxic Effects on Plant Growth

In order to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of electrolytic manganese residue and the harm caused by arbitrary discarding on the growth of surrounding plants. The heavy metal elements, content and manganese morphology of slag-like samples were analyzed with the manganese slag of an electrolytic manganese in Songtao of Guizhou province. At the same time, it was studied that electrolytic manganese residue, leachate and leaching residue effect on the germination potential, germination rate, root length, bud length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination index and vigor index of Chinese cabbage, rape, ryegrass and alfalfa seeds in laboratory. The results showed that the heavy metals of electrolytic manganese slag and its leaching solution were mainly Mn, 28 000 mg?kg-1, 82.00 mg?L-1 respectively. The inhibitory effect of electrolytic manganese residue and leaching solution on plant root elongation was significantly greater than that on seed germination, and the inhibition rate of root elongation is over 42.5% ,even up to 100.0%.