日照典型岸滩海滩垃圾污染分布状况与年际变化特征

海滩垃圾对海岸带生态系统健康以及岸滩景观价值会产生明显的负面影响。为了掌握日照海滩垃圾的种类、组成、丰度、来源、年际变化等特征，2020年6月对日照典型岸滩进行了海滩垃圾调查取样与研究。结果显示：塑料类垃圾是日照典型岸滩海滩垃圾的主要组成成分(53.46%),规格尺寸以中块垃圾为主(82.39%),日照典型岸滩海滩垃圾平均数量密度为10.18万个/km²,质量密度为211.27 kg/km²,低于多数文献报道中的国内外海滩垃圾丰度水平。对日照典型岸滩海滩垃圾来源进行统计，来源于人类海岸活动的海滩垃圾数量最多(48.43%),其次为吸烟用品(22.64%),约91.19%的海滩垃圾来源于陆地，部分调查区域的烟蒂类垃圾存量相对较高，应采取措施加以防范。日照海滩垃圾丰度水平总体较低，2009—2020年12年间的海滩垃圾丰度均值(数量密度和质量密度)低于中国以及山东省海滩垃圾监测区丰度平均水平。

Distribution and Change Characteristics of Beach Litter in the Typical Beaches of Rizhao City

Beach litter will have a significant negative impact on the health of the coastal ecosystem and the value of beach landscape. In order to understand the characteristics of beach litter in Rizhao city, including the type, composition, abundance, source and inter-annual variation, the beach litter survey sampling and research were carried out on the typical beaches of Rizhao in June 2020. The results showed that plastic (53.46 %) was the main component of typical beach litter in Rizhao, the specifications and dimensions were mainly medium size (82.39 %), and the number densities and quantity densities of beach litter was 101,800 items/km² and 211.27 kg/km². The level of beach litter abundance on Rizhao is lower than that reported in most literature at home and abroad. According to the statistics of typical beach litter sources in Rizhao, the amount of beach litter from human coastal activities is the largest (48.43 %), followed by smoking products (22.64 %), and about 91.19 % of the beach litter comes from land. The stock of cigarette butts in some survey areas is relatively high, and some measures should be taken to prevent it. Generally speaking, the beach litter abundance level of Rizhao is generally low. The average abundance level (quantity density and mass density) of beach litter in the 12 years from 2009 to 2020 is lower than the average abundance level of beach litter monitoring areas in China and Shandong Province.