基于MODIS数据的2001—2018年黑龙江省林火时空分布

【目的】黑龙江省是中国重要的林业省份之一,也是受林火危害最严重的地区之一。通过遥感数据获取森林火点信息,充分了解近年来黑龙江省林火发生的时空分布格局,探索林火发生规律。【方法】根据黑龙江省2001—2018年MODIS(分辨率成像光谱仪)遥感图像的MCD64A1火烧迹地产品数据集,提取林火火点信息,结合历史火灾记录资料、归一化植被指数NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)、森林类型、数字高程模型DEM(digital elevation model)等数据,运用地理信息系统空间分析方法和统计分析方法,对黑龙江省的林火时空分布规律进行研究。【结果】2001—2018年,黑龙江省林火次数和过火面积呈现波动性变化,但整体上林火次数呈现下降趋势,其中2002年火灾发生次数最多,2003年过火面积最大,2008年过火面积最小;春、秋两季是林火的多发时期,冬季基本不发生火灾。林火在空间分布上具有异质性,在13个地级行政区中黑河市的森林火灾过火面积最大,其次为大兴安岭地区和绥化市,大庆市发生森林火灾的过火面积最小;过火面积随着林地海拔的升高逐渐呈现减少的趋势。结合森林类型分布情况发现,在针叶林中发生火灾的概率较高,其次为混交林和阔叶林。【结论】采用MCD64A1火烧迹地产品能够较为准确地提取出火灾信息,结合植被类型和高程信息对黑龙江省林火发生的时空规律进行分析,可为区域林火扑救和预警监测提供重要的科学依据。

Spatial and temporal distributions of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province from 2001 to 2018 based on MODIS data

【Objective】Heilongjiang Province is one of the most important forestry provinces in China,and it is also one of the areas most seriously damaged by forest fires.In this study,the forest fire point information was obtained from remote sensing data,and the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of forest fire occurrence in Heilongjiang Province in recent years was mapped,so that we could explore the laws of forest fire occurrence.【Method】Based on the MCD64A1 data set of fire traces from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)remote sensing images from 2001 to 2018 in Heilongjiang Province,we extracted the forest fire point information.Then,we combined it with historical fire record data,the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),forest type,a digital elevation model(DEM),and other data to study the temporal and spatial distributions of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province.We used the GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis methods.【Result】The number of forest fires and the burned area in Heilongjiang Province fluctuated between 2001 and 2018,overall,the number of forest fires decreased.The number of fires was the highest in 2002,the burned area was the largest in 2003,and the burned area was the smallest in 2008.Spring and autumn were the most frequent periods of forest fires,and there were almost no fires in winter.The spatial distribution of forest fires was heterogeneous.Heihe City had the largest forest fire-burned area out of the 13 prefecture-level administrative regions,followed by Greater Khingan Mountains Prefecture and Suihua City.Daqing City had the smallest forest fire-burned area.The fire-burned area decreased with an increase in altitude.Combined with the distribution of forest types,it was found that the highest probability of fire occurred in coniferous forests,followed by mixed forests and broad-leaved forests.【Conclusion】The MCD64A1 data set of fire traces can extract fire information more accurately.By combining it with the vegetation type and elevation information,we identified the temporal and spatial laws of forest fire occurrence in Heilongjiang Province,which provide an important scientific basis for regional forest fire fighting and early warning monitoring.