城市森林对大气颗粒物(尤其PM2.5)调控作用研究进展

随着工业化进程的加快,近年来大气颗粒物已成为我国城市大气的主要污染物, 其中PM_2.5备受关注,如何有效降低PM_2.5对城市环境的危害已成为亟须解决的问题。笔者阐述了城市森林植被对大气颗粒物的减尘、滞尘、阻尘等的作用机制,从植被个体层面讨论了植物叶表面形态特征对阻滞大气颗粒物影响研究的最新进展,分析了大气颗粒物对植被生长发育的影响,以及不同树种对大气颗粒物(尤其PM_2.5)的滞留能力; 从森林植被层面分析了森林植被对大气颗粒物的调控作用研究进展,比较了不同植被类型阻滞大气颗粒物的效益。总结认为,在今后的研究中应根据不同区域筛选区域代表树种,对各代表树种阻滞吸收颗粒物的效果进行定量分析,明确各个树种单位面积吸附颗粒物的滞留量,并根据区域大气颗粒物中的主要化学成分,有针对性地挑选易于吸收相对应化学物质的植被类型。

Progress on the regulating effects of urban forest vegetation on atmospheric particulate matter(especially PM2.5)

At present, atmospheric particulate matter has become the main sources of urban air pollution in China with the speeding up of industrialization process, in which fine particulate matter(<2.5 microns in aero dynamic diameter)is attracted by public concerns. How to effectively resist and alleviate the detriment of atmospheric particulates(especially PM_2.5)and how to controll the harm of atmospheric particulates to the urban environment should be urgent projects. This paper firstly elaborated the concept of urban forest, the mechanism of decreasing, detaining and resisting dust by urban forest vegetation, and the influence of atmospheric particulate matter on vegetation growth and development. Then the latest progress in the study of the impact of plant leaf surface morphology on the capability of blocking atmospheric particulates from the individual level of vegetation were discussed, and comparative analysis was conducted on retention abilities of atmospheric particulate matter(especially PM_2.5)among different species. Research progress on function of forest vegetation for controlling atmospheric particulate matter, and the comparison of capability for blocking atmospheric particulate matter among different vegetation types were analyzed. At last, this paper suggested that we should choose representative tree species in different region, and make a quantitative analysis on their ability for blocking and absorbing particulate matter.We should determine retention amount of per unit area of leafs for each tree species, and pointedly select targeted vegetation types easily tending to absorb relevant chemicals according to the main chemical compositions of atmospheric particulates in each area in the future researches.