青丝黄竹花形态与结构研究

青丝黄竹(Bambusa eutuldoides McClure var. viridi-vittata)又名惠阳花竹,是大眼竹的变种。笔者采用解剖观察及石蜡切片的方法,对青丝黄竹花器官形态与解剖结构特征进行描述和分析。结果表明:青丝黄竹的花序为假花序; 假小穗簇生,平均长度为2.34 cm,含5～7朵小花; 小花平均长度为1.12 cm; 具内稃、外稃各1片; 浆片3枚; 雄蕊6枚,雌蕊1枚; 花药紫红色,具4室药室,基着药,纵裂散粉,均长0.53 cm。未成熟花药壁4层,从外至内依次为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层。花粉粒为3细胞型,具1个萌发孔,花粉粒直径为21.09 μm; 子房1室,上位,侧膜胎座,倒立胚珠,双珠被。青丝黄竹3分枝的羽毛状柱头很长,属于短花柱长柱头型。

Studies on the flower morphology and structure in Bambusa eutuldoides McClure var. viridi-vittata (W.T.Lin) Chia

Bambusa eutuldoides McClure var. viridi-vittata (W.T.Lin)Chia is a variation of B. eutuldoides McClure, also called Huiyang Hua Zhu. Presently, few studies were focused on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of their floral organs. In this paper, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the floral organs of B. eutuldoides var. viridi-vittata were described using anatomical observation and paraffin sections. The results showed that the inflorescence of B. eutuldoides var. viridi-vittata is pseudo-inflorescence. The pseudospikelets cluster with the mean length of 2.34 cm and each spikelet contains 5-7 florets. The florets are 1.12 cm long, with 1 lemma and palea, 3 lodicules, 6 stamens, and 1 pistil. The purplish red anthers have four chambers, basifixed, longitudinally dehiscing, and 0.53 cm in length. The young anther wall is composed of four layers: epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum from outside to inside. The mature pollen grains are three-celled and have one germinal aperture with the mean diameter of 21.09 μm. The ovary is unilocular, superior and parietal placentation, with dual-integument enclosing the anatropous ovule. Their stigmas have 3 extremely long feathery branches, which belong to the type of short style with long stigma.