鄱阳湖区域景观格局动态变化研究

鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖,工农业及城市化的发展对鄱阳湖区域景观动态变化的影响很大,笔者基于景观生态学原理,利用RS与GIS分析鄱阳湖1995—2015年间景观格局动态变化的原因及其过程。结果表明:在选择同一季节的3期遥感数据源进行比较时,鄱阳湖区域湿地的总面积从1995年到2015年迅速减少了11.57%。与此同时,景观斑块数在1995—2004年间大幅减少了12 729,而2004—2015年又获得小幅增加。1995—2004年,林地、裸地和草地最大斑块所占景观面积的比例都有所降低,但平均斑块大小有所增加; 2004—2015年间,只有耕地的最大斑块所占面积的比例降低,平均斑块大小也降低,这也意味着2004年后研究区破碎化程度有所降低。鄱阳湖区域土地利用类型的转变是城市扩张、农牧业迅速发展的结果,即鄱阳湖区域景观变化的主要驱动因素为人类活动。

Dynamics of Poyang Lake watershed landscape pattern

Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China, and the development of industry and agriculture has great influence on the regional landscape dynamic change in Poyang Lake. The reasons and processes of landscape pattern dynamic changes during the period between 1995 and 2015 in Poyang Lake region were analyzed by RS and GIS based on the principle of landscape ecology. The results showed that the total area of wetland in Poyang Lake area reduced 11.57% from 1995 to 2015 by comparing with the three phase remote sensing data sources. At the same time, the number of landscape patch in the period from 1995 to 2004 had a substantial reduce by 12 729, and from 2004 to 2015 received a slight increase. The proportion of landscape area decreased such as woodland, grassland and bare land, but patch size increased from 1995 to 2004, but the cultivated land in the largest patch for area ratio decreased from 2004 to 2015, and the mean patch size also reduced. This also meaned that the fragmentation degree decreased after 2004. The change of land use types in Poyang Lake was the result of the development of city expansion, agriculture and animal husbandry, that is, the main driving factor of the regional landscape changes in Poyang Lake is human activities.