呼和浩特市主要园林树种理化性质及燃烧性研究

【目的】树木是森林或园林城市火灾发生的物质基础,也是火灾发生不可避免的因素。园林植物合理的选择和配置是构建生物防火林带的基础工作。对呼和浩特市21种园林树种叶、小枝、大枝进行燃烧性研究,筛选适合北方城市绿地强抗火防火型树种,为园林树种配置提供理论基础。【方法】借助SPSS 18.0和Origin 2018等软件,运用主成分分析法对影响树种燃烧性的含水率、粗脂肪、粗灰分、燃点、热值等5项理化性质指标进行分析,并对各树种燃烧性进行综合评价。【结果】21种园林树种的燃烧性大小顺序由强到弱依次为小叶黄杨、砂地柏、蒙古荚蒾、柽柳、蒙桑、紫叶碧桃、暴马丁香、一叶萩、接骨木、土庄绣线菊、沙枣、细裂槭、山桃、互叶醉鱼草、华北珍珠梅、紫叶小檗、黄刺玫、重瓣榆叶梅、灰栒子、锦带花、枸杞。这些树种划分为3个等级:强抗火性、可抗火性、弱抗火性。强抗火树种包括紫叶小檗、黄刺玫、重瓣榆叶梅、灰栒子、锦带花、枸杞;可抗火性树种包括一叶萩、接骨木、土庄绣线菊、沙枣、细裂槭、山桃、互叶醉鱼草、华北珍珠梅;弱抗火性树种包括小叶黄杨、砂地柏、蒙古荚蒾、柽柳、蒙桑、紫叶碧桃、暴马丁香。【结论】呼和浩特市21种园林树种中基于阻火优先筛选的树种为紫叶小檗、黄刺玫、重瓣榆叶梅、灰栒子、锦带花、枸杞,研究结果可为园林树种防控城市森林火灾提供树种选择依据。

Physical and chemical properties and combustibility of predominant landscape tree species in Hohhot,China

【Objective】Trees are the essential fuel in forest or landscape fires,thus reasonable selection and allocation of plants in landscape design is crucial for establishing biological fire-resistant forest belts.Currently,research on flammability is predominantly focused on forest fuels,and few studies have investigated combustibility of landscape tree species.We examined tree combustibility using leaves,twigs and branches of 21 landscape tree species in Hohhot,China,and we suggest tree species with high fire resistance as a theoretical basis for urban ecological safety and allocation of landscape tree species for fire-resistant woodland.【Method】Principal component analyses in SPSS 18.0 and Origin 2018 software were used to analyze five physical and chemical properties including moisture content,crude fat,crude ash,ignition point and calorific value,which affect combustibility of trees,and combustibility of each tree species was assessed comprehensively.【Result】The 21 landscape tree species were ranked from high to low combustibility as follows:Buxus sinica,Sabina vulgaris,Viburnum mongolicum,Tamarix chinensis,Morus mongolica,Amygdalus persica,Syrin-ga reticulata,Flueggea suffruticosa,Sambucus williamsii,Spiraea pubescens,Elaeagnus angustifolia,Acer stenolobum,Amygdalus davidiana,Buddleja alternifolia,Sorbaria kirilowii,Berberis xinganensis,Rosa xanthina,Amygdalus trilo-ba,Cotoneaster acutifolius,Weigela florida and Lycium chinense.The tree species were assigned to the three categories of fire resistance(high,medium and low).The category’high fire resistance’included Berberis xinganensis,Rosa xan-thina,Amygdalus triloba,Cotoneaster acutifolius,Weigela florida and Lycium chinense;medium fire resistance was observed in Flueggea suffruticosa,Sambucus williamsii,Spiraea pubescens,Elaeagnus angustifolia,Acer stenolobum,Amygdalus davidiana,Buddleja alternifolia and Sorbaria kirilowii,and low fire resistance was observed in Buxus sini-ca,Sabina vulgaris,Viburnum mongolicum,Tamarix chinensis,Morus mongolica,Amygdalus persica,Syringa reticula-ta.【Conclusions】Of the 21 predominant species of landscape trees in Hohhot,the highest fire resistance occurred in Ber-beris xinganensis,Rosa xanthina,Amygdalus triloba,Cotoneaster acutifolius,Weigela florida and Lycium chinense.These results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of urban forest fires using landscape tree species.