论生态界面系统

在生态系统中,生物系统和非生物环境系统之间的界面称为生态界面系统。生态界面是一居间“物质薄层”。它的一侧为生物面,另一侧为非生物面,既受生物和环境的影响,又是它们之间物质交换、能量流动和信息传递的输导系统。来自生物方面的内力和来自环境方面的外力所形成的生态合力支配了生态界面系统的运动。了解生态界面系统的热力一动力学性质以及通过界面的物能流动和信息反馈特点,就可以知道生物与环境的本质关系和生态系统的结构、功能、平衡或稳定状况,从而直接评定其生态效益。本文以空气动力学中的湍流运动方程组作为求解生态界面系统的热力—动力学特性的理论依据,采用数值差分的方法,求取生态界面上瞬间变化的各种物能流动通量,不断对系统的未来状态作出模拟,又以新的模拟状态为初始态,进一步作出具有时间连续性的模拟和预测,直接而准确地反应生物与环境的本质关系和生态系统的动态特征。既避免了生态学传统方法的偏颇性,又赋予生态学新的内容。

ON ECOBOUNDARY SYSTEM

In an ecosystem there is an interface system known as ecoboundary system existing between the biological system and physical environment system. An ecoboundary is a mediate layer consisting of a biological face on one side and a physical face on the other and functioning as a conducting system of material exchange, energy flow and information transmission under inlluenc; of forces from both sides. Such an eco-resultant force controls all mechanisms of an ecoboundary system. If the material-energy flux through the ecoboundary is thoroughly known, it could be easy to understand the fundamental relationship between organisms and environment as well as the structure and functional equilibrium of ecosystem. We take the equations of turbulent motion as a basic theoretical model for describing the thermodynamics of ecoboundary system and use the numerical differentiation method to calculate the moment flux of material-energy for continual simulation. As a result, the innate relation of organisms with environment could be directly and correctly detected. Likewise some new ideas could be developed in theoretical approaches.