降低自然地理“熵值”发挥现代生态系统的经济效益

<正> 现代生态系统是以人类为中心的生态系统,是自然生态系统和社会生态系统的综合系统。现代生态经济学的基本任务是,顺天时,量地力,根据社会需要,讲求经济效益,因势利导,因地制宜,充分发挥人的智能作用,调整生态系统,使之成为更合理的有序结构;降低自然地理的“熵值”,使之成为高质量的生态系统;建立三维空间的生产生态体系,使之发挥现代生态系统的经济效益。这虽然是一项艰巨的生态工程,然而却是社会发展的历史使命。兹就古代生态经济学思想,当前生态失调的恶果和三维空间的生产生态体系加以论述。 一、我国古代的生态经济学思想 自有人类以来,就存在生态经济学问题。古人穴居,渴饮饥食,就必须寻找适宜的生态环境和丰富的物质资源。我们的祖先筚路蓝缕,以启山林,相传有巢氏构木为巢,燧人氏钻木取火,神农尝百草,后稷教民稼穑,嫘祖栽桑养蚕,都是认识自然规律,利用自然资源来发展农业生产,满足生活需要。这些记述不正反映了我国古代生态经济思想的启蒙吗?

REDUCING "ENTROPY" OF NATURAL GEOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF MODERN ECOSYSTEM

Things in nature do not always have an equal value to mankind, nor do they necessarily exist in available or useful forms. In fact, contradictions often occur between human activities and natural environment.A modern ecosystem is a comprehensive combination of natural ecosystem and social system on the basis of material and energy utilization. According to the principle of ecological economics, a three-dimensional production-ecosystem can be established to derive all potential advantages from climate, topography, soils, water and vegetation without damaging the ecological stableness. Such an ecosystem can be achieved through its structural improvement, entropy reduction and efficiency promotion. Thus, a master plan is needed for the appropriate development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandlry, fishery and sideline production as well as for rational development of cities, industries and communications.