红松种子综合利用的研究——Ⅰ.红松种仁油脂成分分析

<正>红松种子千粒重约570g,其中种仁约为31％。种仁含油率,用石油醚萃取为68％,用乙醚萃取为73.4％。种仁油在常温下为淡黄色粘稠液,具隽永浓郁的香味;比重D_(20)~(20) 0.9218～0.9222,折光指数N_D~(20) 1.4768～1.4774;碘值145.5～149.5;酸值0.5～0.62。气相色谱分析表明,种仁油中的脂肪酸至少有11个成分。本研究分离鉴定了其中的8个成分,百分含量分别为:肉豆蔻酸0.35;,棕榈酸4.28;硬脂酸2.11;油酸25.18;正十九烷酸2.62;亚油酸42.22;5,9,12—十八碳三烯酸17.57;亚麻酸1.81。总计,易为人体消化吸收的不饱和脂肪酸含量超过85％,表明红松种子不仅有较高的食用价值,也有医疗滋补作用。红松种壳以及提取油脂后的残渣也有综合利用的前景。

THE COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF PINUS KORAIENSIS (SIEB. ET ZUCC.) SEED I. ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF KERNEL OIL

Seeds of Pinus koraiensis (sieb, et zucc.), a valuable timber tree species, are used not only for propagation but also as a traditional distinctive flavour in China. The 1,000 seed weight was about 570g, of which the kernel, edible part, made up about 31%. The content of oil extracted from the kernel with petroleum ether was 68.0% and with ether 73.4% The appetizing oil, specific gravity D2020 0.9218~0.9222, refractive index N20D, 1.4768~1.4774, iodine number 145.5~149.5, acid number 0.50~0.62, was a yellowish, viscouse liquid at normal temperature. It was found by GLC that there existed at least eleven fatty acids in the oil, of which eight were identified in our investigation as myristic acid, 0.35%; palmitic acid, 4.28%; stearic acid, 2.11%; oleic acid, 25.18%; n-nonadecylic acid, 2.62%; linoleic acid, 42.22%) 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid, 17.57% and linolenic acid, 1.81%. The content of the unsaturated fatty acids amounted to more than 85% of the total fatty acids. The above suggests that the seed of Pinus koraiensis is well worth exploiting for its potential nutritious value.