洪泽湖重金属污染现状与防控技术

洪泽湖是我国第四大淡水湖泊,也是南水北调东线工程的重要节点湖泊,洪泽湖重金属污染问题备受关注。对洪泽湖重金属污染的现状和主要来源进行分析,发现尽管目前洪泽湖整体受污染程度较轻,但重金属空间分布差异较大, 尤其 Cd污染严重,As污染日益显著,需引起重视。淮河水沙输入、南水北调、环湖农田面源污染输入、围网/圩养殖等是洪泽湖重金属的主要来源。洪泽湖重金属污染防治重点应为:减防淮河水沙携带重金属输入; 优化养殖布局,规范养殖环节; 精准施肥、施药,控制农业面源污染; 实施重金属迁移转化拦截控制技术和污染区域修复技术。

The heavy metal pollution situation and control in Hongze Lake

Hongze Lake,which located in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River,is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China and an important node of the eastern route of South to North Water Diversion Project.In recent years,the heavy metal pollution of Hongze Lake has attracted much attention.The author analyzed the present situation and main sources of heavy metal pollution in Hongze Lake,and putted forward the control countermeasures.The results show that the overall pollution level of Hongze Lake is relatively light.However,the spatial distribution of the pollution is quite different.Cd pollution is serious and As pollution is increasingly significant,which need more attention.The main sources of heavy metals in Hongze Lake include water and sediment input from Huaihe River,the water regulation from south to north,non-point source pollution of farmland and aquatic products breeding.Prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Hongze Lake should be focus on:reducing heavy metal input from Huaihe River;optimizing distribution and standardizing breeding of aquatic products;precisely fertilizing and applying pesticide to control agricultural non-point source pollution;implementing heavy metal migration and transformation control technology and pollution remediation technology.