高邮神居山二号汉墓的木材鉴定

1979年南京博物院在江苏高邮县神居山发掘汉墓两座,前后经历四年时间。根据发掘资料初步考证,一号墓墓主人可能为西汉广陵国第一代历王胥,二号墓墓主人当为历王胥的夫人。刘胥为汉武帝之子,掌广陵王国,辖今扬州、高邮、宝应等地。神居山汉墓为大型“题凑”木椁墓。“题凑”木椁墓迄今全国已发掘出六座,但保存都不完好,唯高邮神居山汉墓保存较好。二号汉墓有三椁两棺,该墓木结构部分经推算约由500多立方米木材组成,用材种类很多。关于汉代墓葬结构所用木材,历史文献有所记载,为弄清这方面的问题,同时为研究中国古代丧葬制度及中国古代建筑史,我们对二号汉墓结构用材进行了鉴定。 一、材料和方法 送检木材分外棺木、内棺木、内椁木、“棺柩架”、中椁木、外藏椁盖木、“棺柩架”木栓、“题凑”木、“题凑”上盖木、“题凑”下盖木、木牍、地龙、底木、御马俑、木马等部分(附示意图),内木马因压缩变形,基本组织已无法分辨。棺椁由于埋入地下达两千余年之久,木材变色、腐朽,并压缩变形,有些已面目全非。鉴定工作主要以显微构造为依据,辅以肉眼和扩大镜下的宏观特征。

AN IDENTIFICATION OF ANCIENT WOOD FOUND HAN TOMB No.2 AT SHENJUSHAN IN GAOYOU

In 1979, two Han tombs at Shenjushan in Gauyou Jiangsu were excavated by Nanjing Museum. Han Tomb No.2 is made up of three layers of coffers and two layers of coffins. Han Tombs at Shenjushan belong among large scale of "TiZou" wooden tomb. Up to now, six "TiZou" wooden tombs have been excaveted in the whole country, but none of them is well preserved except the one at shenjushan, while was built with many kinds of wood. There are historical records about the wood used in tomb-biulding in the Han Dynasty. In order to solve this problem, Chinese system and study the ancient Chinese funeral and architecture, we identified the wood of Han Tomb No.2 and the identification was conducted mainly on the basis of microstructure. Result of the identification: The tree Species of wood used in Han tomb No.2 of at Shenjushan are: Catalpa sp.; Sabina sp.; Phoebe sp.; Torreya sp. and Paulownia sp..