长江流域安徽段生态系统服务价值与景观生态风险时空演变及其关联分析

【目的】综合运用生态系统服务价值和景观生态风险评估,更好地为长江流域安徽段可持续发展提供决策支持,也为跨江区域生态环境管护提供一定参考。【方法】基于1995年、2005年和2015年安徽省土地利用数据,采用生态系统服务价值评估、景观生态风险评估和双变量空间自相关模型等方法,分析长江流域安徽段生态服务价值、生态风险时空变化及其关联特征。【结果】①1995—2015年研究区总生态系统服务价值呈减少趋势,减少率为0.54%;研究区以较高和中等生态服务价值等级为主,主要分布在长江沿岸、大别山区及皖南山区。②近20年长江流域安徽段生态风险整体呈升高趋势,以中、较低和低生态风险等级为主;空间上,较高和高风险区主要分布在长江沿岸及巢湖区域,并由集聚分布趋于连片扩张。③长江流域安徽段单位面积生态系统服务价值与生态风险之间存在空间正相关性,主要关系为高价值-高风险相关,即生态服务价值高的区域也是生态环境比较脆弱的区域,应特别关注。【结论】必须重视对湿地和林草景观的保护,加强以长江沿岸、巢湖区域为主的湿地生态保护和对大别山、皖南山区自然山体林草景观的保护与修复,将对提高长江流域安徽段生态系统服务功能和保护长江生态环境起着重要作用。

Spatial-temporal evolution and correlation analyses of ecosystem service values and landscape ecological risks in Anhui section of the Yangtze River basin

【Objective】The comprehensive application of ecosystem service values and landscape ecological risk assessments can provide better decision support for the sustainable development of the Anhui section of the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, it can provide a reference for ecological environment management and protection in the trans-river region. 【Method】Based on land use data from Anhui Province in 1995, 2005 and 2015, ecosystem service value assessment, landscape ecological risk assessment and bivariate spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze spatiotemporal changes in ecological service values and ecological risks and their correlation characteristics in the Anhui section. 【Result】(1) From 1995 to 2015, the total ecosystem service values in the study area showed a decreasing trend, with a decreasing rate of 0.54%. The study area was dominated by medium-high and medium levels of ecological service values, which were mainly distributed along the Yangtze River, Dabie Mountain area, and southern Anhui Mountain area. (2) Over the past 20 years, the ecological risk of the Anhui section showed an overall increasing trend, and the ecological risk level was mainly medium, medium-low and low. In terms of spatial distribution, the medium-high and high-risk areas were mainly distributed along the Yangtze River and Chaohu Lake region and tended to expand from a concentrated distribution to a continuous distribution. (3) There was a positive spatial correlation between ecosystem service value per unit area and ecological risk in Anhui Province, and the main relationship was a high value-high risk correlation. In other words, the regions with high ecological service value were also those with relatively fragile ecological environments, which should receive special attention. 【Conclusion】It is necessary to focus on the protection of wetlands and forest and grass landscapes, strengthen the ecological protection of wetlands along the Yangtze River and Chaohu Lake, and protect and restore the natural forest and grass landscape in Dabie Mountain and the southern Anhui mountains. This approach would help improve the ecosystem service function of the Anhui section and protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.