湿地公园鸟类栖息地禾本科群落盖度对雀形目鸟类集团的影响

【目的】研究太湖流域国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地禾本科植物群落盖度对雀形目鸟类集团的影响,为太湖流域鸟类栖息地管理提供科学依据。【方法】2019年6月至2020年8月,在江苏天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地,使用样方法和样线法分别获取禾本科植物群落特征数据及雀形目鸟类相关数据,构建回归模型,分析禾本科群落盖度和雀形目鸟类个体数占比的关系,并通过主成分分析和聚类分析进行雀形目鸟类集团划分。【结果】①研究区域内共记录到禾本科植物20属22种,雀形目鸟类66种1 637只;②栖息地禾本科群落盖度与雀形目鸟类个体数占比显著正相关(r=0.981,P=0.003),禾本科物种组成及群落高度与雀形目鸟类个体数占比并无显著相关性;③研究区雀形目鸟类可划分为3个集团,即小型鸟集团(低体质量、低翼长、低嘴锋长)、中型鸟集团(中体质量、中翼长、中嘴锋长)和大型鸟集团(高体质量、高翼长、高嘴锋长);④禾本科群落盖度显著影响小型鸟集团(r=0.847,P=0.035),中型鸟集团对禾本科群落盖度季度变化无明显响应(r=0.513,P=0.188),大型鸟集团数据量较少未显示相关性。【结论】在天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地中,禾本科群落盖度对雀形目小型鸟集团个体数占比有显著影响,对中型鸟集团及大型鸟集团没有显著影响,基于此,或可通过控制禾本科群落盖度以调控栖息地中不同性状的雀形目鸟类集团。

Influences of Gramineae community coverage in bird habitats of wetland parks on Passeriformes bird groups

【Objective】 The study aimed to determine the effects of gramineous community coverage on Passeriformes birds groups in small and micro wetlands and provide a scientific basis for the bird habitat management. 【Method】 From July 2019 to July 2020, data pertaining to gramineous community characteristics and Passeriformes were obtained through sampling and line transect methods in the bird habitat of Tianfu National Wetland Park, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province. A regression model was established to analyze the relationship between the gramineae community coverage and the proportion of Passeriformes; Passeriformes groups were divided using the principal components and cluster analyses. 【Result】 The statistical analysis of the data collected from the bird habitat in Tianfu National Wetland Park revealed that: (1) Total 22 gramineous species from 20 genera were recorded, along with 66 Passeriformes species from 1 637 genera. (2) Among the characteristics of the Gramineous community, a significant positive correlation was observed only between their coverage and the numerical proportion of the Passeriformes individuals (r = 0.981, P = 0.003). There was no significant correlation between the species composition and community height of the gramineae family and the numerical proportion of the Passeriformes individuals. (3) The Passeriformes were divided into three groups: small birds (low body weight, short wing and bill lengths), medium birds (medium body weight, medium wing and bill lengths), and large birds (high body weight, high wing and bill lengths). (4) The small birds group and gramineous community coverage were significantly correlated (r = 0.847, P = 0.035), whereas the medium birds group exhibited no obvious response to the seasonal changes in gramineous community coverage (r = 0.513, P = 0.188). 【Conclusion】 In the bird habitats of Tianfu National Wetland Park, the gramineous community coverage had a significant effect on the proportion of Passeriformes individuals in small birds groups, but not on those in medium and large birds groups. Based on this differences, the gramineous community coverage can be controlled to regulate birds groups with different traits in the habitat.