天然黄山松群落主要树种营养生态位特征研究

【目的】了解戴云山天然黄山松群落主要乔木树种在不同土壤营养资源空间中的营养利用情况和空间占据能力,为更好地营造天然林提供理论依据。【方法】以福建省戴云山自然保护区天然黄山松群落为对象,通过生态位空间分割原理,应用生态位宽度、重叠度和相似性比例对黄山松群落主要树种生态位特征进行研究。【结果】①考虑资源利用率与对多维生态位宽度的测度存在显著性差异,在不同测度公式下生态位宽度较大的树种均是黄山松、罗浮栲、木荷、马尾松、鹿角杜鹃、野漆,宽度值均在0.700以上,但树种的重要值与生态位宽度值之间相关性不明显。②生态位宽度较大的黄山松、罗浮栲、木荷、马尾松、鹿角杜鹃、野漆生态位重叠平均值分别为0.424、0.321、0.328、0.290、0.303、0.294。③生态位宽度、生态位重叠度和生态位相似性关系表现为生态位宽度较大的树种对其他树种的生态位重叠概率较大,但生态位重叠度值不一定大。各主要树种生态位相似性和生态位重叠度的变化趋势基本吻合。【结论】在戴云山自然保护区,黄山松与其他树种重叠度偏大,占据相同资源的树种数量增加,但资源的减少造成树种竞争加强,黄山松的优势地位很可能被环境适应能力强的树种(木荷、鹿角杜鹃)所替代, 即这些物种很可能演替为优势种群。因此建议采用人工干扰措施并加强对研究区黄山松的管理和保护。

Nutrition ecological niche of dominant arbor species in natural Pinus taiwanensis community

【Objective】Natural forests could be more scientifically managed by understanding the nutrition utilization status and spatial occupation capacity of the main tree species in natural Pinus taiwanensis communities in different soil nutrient resource spaces in the Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve.【Method】 Based on the compartmentalization of the ecological niche space, the niche breadth, overlap, and similarity of the main tree species in the area were studied.【Result】① Resource availability influenced niche matrices greatly. Pinus taiwanensis, Castanopsis faberi, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana, Rhododendron latoucheae and Toxicodendron succedaneum, whose niche breadths were all above 0.700, were the species with larger niche widths under different measures. There was no significant correlation between niche breadth values and important values. ② The niche breadths of Pinus taiwanensis, Castanopsis faberi, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana, Rhododendron latoucheae and Toxicodendron succedanum were larger, with niche overlaps of 0.424, 0.321, 0.328, 0.290, 0.303 and 0.294, respectively. ③ The expression of the relationship between niche breadth, overlap and similarity was as follows: the consistency of variation trends between niche similarity and overlapping degrees of all major species were basically confirmed; the species with larger niche widths were more likely to overlap with other species; however, their degrees of overlapwere not necessarily larger.【Conclusion】Pinus taiwanensis had a larger niche overlap with other species. Additionally, in the wake of species numbers in the same resource niche and with diminishing resources, the species would face intense competition. Pinus taiwanensis dominance might be replaced by Schima superba and Rhododendron latoucheae, which have the ability to adapt to many environments. Thus, it is suggested to adopt artificial interference measures, and to strengthen the management and protection of P. taiwanensis.