基于景观偏好的城市公园景观健康效益评价机制研究

【目的】景观偏好是研究人与被选择感知的环境交互作用的结果,与景观元素的构建紧密联系,对于研究城市公园的健康景观营造具有重要意义。受新冠肺炎疫情影响,人们对于城市公园的健康功能提出更高的要求。从游客自身需求出发,构建城市公园景观元素、景观偏好与景观健康效益评价三者之间的结构模型,探讨基于景观偏好的城市公园景观健康效益评价机制,为城市公园景观健康功能提升和优化建设提供参考。【方法】以福州西湖公园为例,运用位置大数据手段、问卷调查法、质性扎根法与结构方程模型分析法等,探索疫情影响下基于景观偏好的城市公园景观健康效益评价机制。【结果】①与疫情前相比,疫情期间研究区景观环境中构筑物与设施类景观元素偏好增加4.918%,空间与氛围类减少4.996%;相对而言,无论是否涉及疫情,在各类景观环境的选择中,自然元素都是非常重要的组成部分,游客更加偏好于自然元素较多的景观环境;②在景观偏好的反映特性中,修正后易读性(0.45)和神秘性(0.59)能够有效反映景观偏好,其中神秘性的影响系数最大;③消除疲劳(0.70)、集中注意力(0.67)、恢复活力(0.62)、稳定情绪(0.56)都能够有效反映景观环境的健康效益,其中消除疲劳的影响系数最大;④景观偏好对景观健康效益评价有一定的正向影响,但影响不显著,可以通过景观元素产生间接影响。【结论】通过质性分析,结合景观元素、景观偏好以及健康效益三者之间结构方程模型的评价结果,可以为提升城市公园景观健康效益提供一定的方向,从而进行针对性地开发保护和改造,提高公园的效能。

The impact mechanism of urban park health benefit evaluation based on landscape preference

【Objective】Affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic, people have put forward higher requirements for the health functions of urban parks. Landscape preference is the result of the interaction between people and the chosen environment, and is closely related to the construction of landscape elements. It is of great significance for studying the construction of healthy landscapes in urban parks. 【Method】Taking the Xihu Park of Fuzhou City as an example, this research used location big data methods, questionnaire survey methods, qualitative grounding methods and structural equation model construction to explore the evaluation mechanism of urban park landscape health benefits based on landscape preference. 【Result】 (1) Compared with the period of the epidemic, the preference for landscape elements of structures and facilities increased by 4.918%, the preforence for space and atmosphere decreased by 4.996%. Relatively speaking, regardless of whether there were any changes in various landscape environments before and after the epidemic, natural elements have always been a very important part of the selection. Tourists preferred the environment with more natural elements. (2) In the reflection characteristics of landscape preferences, the revised legibility (0.45) and mystery (0.59) can effectively reflect landscape preference, in which mystery had the largest influence coefficient. (3) The eliminating fatigue (0.70), focusing (0.67), rejuvenating (0.62) and calming mood (0.56) can effectively reflect the health benefit evaluation, among which the influence coefficient of eliminating fatigue maximum. (4) Landscape preference showed a certain positive impact on the evaluation of health benefits, but the impact coefficient was not significant, and it had an indirect impact through landscape elements.【Conclusion】The qualitative analysis combined with the evaluation results of the structural equation model among landscape elements, landscape preferences and health benefits can provide a certain direction for the improvement of the health benefits of urban parks, then carried out targeted development, protection, transformation and improvement, afterwards improve the effectiveness of the park.