基于“源-汇”理论的传统乡村景观安全格局构建

【目的】构建传统乡村景观安全格局以延续传统乡村地区脆弱的人文与生态景观系统。【方法】基于“源-汇”理论与方法,以太湖西山传统村落为例,通过辨识生态与文化景观系统存续“源”的类别、位置、范围和强度,以土地利用类型、坡度、植被覆盖度与到道路的距离4个指标作为“汇”阻力评价要素,借助ArcGIS 9.3平台与最小累计阻力模型(MCR),计算传统生态、文化景观“源-汇”过程,获取生态、文化景观存续安全格局。【结果】太湖西山生态与人文景观布局高安全等级区域面积分别占67.11%和38.29%,中安全等级区域分别占19.88%和49.16%,低安全等级区域分别只占13.01%和12.55%。【结论】“源-汇”理论与方法在太湖西山传统乡村景观安全格局构建过程中具有较强的适用性,在生态、文化景观过程的模拟、生态与文化景观安全等级划分与分级分区保护中能够发挥积极作用。

Traditional rural landscape security pattern construction based on “Source-Sink” theory

【Objective】 By constructing the traditional rural landscape security pattern in towns, the fragile cultural and ecological landscape system in traditional rural areas can be maintained. 【Method】 Based on the theory and method of “Source-Sink”, we took Xishan in Taihu Lake Scenic Spot as an example. We identified the category, location, scope and intensity of the “source” of ecological and cultural landscape system using the four indicators: “land use type”, “slope”, “vegetation coverage” and “distance from road” as evaluation elements of resistance “sink”. Based on the ArcGIS 9.3 platform and minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR), the processes of “source” and “sink” of the traditional ecological and cultural landscape in Xishan were calculated to obtain the security pattern of both ecological and cultural landscape. 【Result】 High-level areas of ecological and cultural security in Xishan accounted for 67.11% and 38.29%, respectively, of total areas; while medium-level areas of ecological and cultural security in Xishan accounted for 19.88% and 49.16%, respectively, of total areas; low-level areas of ecological and cultural security accounted for only 13.01% and 12.55%, respectively, of total areas. 【Conclusion】 The theory and method of “Source-Sink” have strong applicability for constructing traditional rural landscape security pattern in Xishan. They can play an active role in the simulation of the ecological and cultural landscape processes, the classification of ecological and cultural landscape security levels, and for zonal conservation and management of traditional rural landscape areas.