降雨和坡度对路基边坡产流产沙的影响

【目的】分析降雨和坡度对铁路路基边坡产流产沙的影响,为胶东半岛区域铁路建设过程中路基区水土流失监测及防治提供技术支撑。【方法】采用人工模拟降雨试验,在3种雨强(20、40、60 mm/h)、2个坡度(30°、35°)模拟条件下,研究降雨、坡度对胶东铁路路基边坡产流产沙的影响。【结果】模拟降雨条件下,当降雨强度由20 mm/h增加到60 mm/h,相同坡度下的路基边坡产流起始时间缩短56～73 s;当坡度由30°增大到35°,相同雨强下的路基边坡产流起始时间提前2～23s。径流量、产沙率在降雨初期剧增到峰值,之后径流量逐渐趋于稳定,而产沙率波动减小后逐渐趋于稳定。相同坡度条件下,雨强由20 mm/h增加到40 mm/h,径流量和产沙率分别增加37.8%～115.2%和67.0%～86.9%;雨强由40 mm/h增加到60 mm/h,径流量和产沙率分别增加54.7%～125.0%和144.5%～177.9%。相同雨强条件下,坡度30°～35°处于对径流侵蚀影响的临界坡度范围内,坡度对径流量、产沙率的影响较复杂,小雨强(20、40 mm/h)时,坡度是主要影响因素,35°边坡径流量、产沙率小于30°边坡;大雨强(60 mm/h)时,降雨成为主要影响因素,35°边坡径流量大于30°边坡,而产沙率小于30°边坡。【结论】降雨、坡度对胶东铁路路基边坡产流起始时间、径流量、产沙率等有一定的影响,模拟降雨条件下,雨强和坡度的增加将缩短产流开始时间,尤以雨强的影响更加明显。

Effects of rainfall and slope gradient on runoff and sediment yield of subgrade slope

WANG Baoyi;ZHANG Ronghua;JING Shaslia;LI Huan;ZHANG Cliunqiang;LI Jiazuo;SONG Yuanyuan;LUO Mengqi;ZHANG Guangcan(College of Forestiy,Nanjing Forestry University,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration,Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestiy in Southern China,Nanjing 210037,China;The Key Laboratoiy of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration of Shandong Province,Forestiy College of Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring Centerof Huaihe Water Resources Commission,Benbu 233001,China)