客机驾驶舱流场CFD模拟与热舒适性分析

客机驾驶舱作为客机的操作平台,其内部的热舒适性对于飞行员的身体健康和安全驾驶有重要影响.构建了全尺寸三维仿真驾驶舱模型,根据驾驶舱的传热特点和热负荷特性,建立了驾驶舱壁面传热模型,结合运用流体力学计算软件FLUENT对驾驶舱在地面夏季工况下的流场、温度场以及驾驶员的热舒适性进行了模拟分析.分析结果表明,驾驶员周围空气的温度和速度基本达到客舱舒适度要求,但驾驶员自身的热舒适指标略微偏高.平均辐射温度过高是引起飞行员热不舒适的主要因素,通过必要的改进措施可以有效降低平均辐射温度,提高飞行员的热舒适度.

CFD Simulation and Thermal Comfort Analysis in an Airliner Cockpit

As the operating platform of aircrafts,the airliner cockpit is crucial in providing the pilots with a healthy,comfortable and safe environment. The three-dimensional full-size cockpit model was built and the wall heat transfer model was established based on the characteristics of heat transfer and thermal load in the cockpit. The computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to calculate the flow field,temperature field and the pilots＇ thermal comfort during the ground process in the airliner cockpit on a hot day. It was found that the temperature and velocity of airflow around the pilots meet the requirements of comfort standard,except the predicted mean vote（PMV）from the pilots. The high mean radiant temperature is the main factor causing the pilots＇ discomfort,and necessary shading devices could effectively reduce the mean radiant temperature to improve the pilots＇ thermal comfort.