大学生健康行为知识、健康行为动机与体育锻炼行为的研究

依据健康信念模型理论对大学生健康行为知识知晓率、健康动机和体育锻炼行为进行调查,分析它们之间的关系并检验健康信念模型的有效性。采用问卷调查法、统计学方法进行数据的收集和分析。结果表明大学生健康行为知识均得分为5.83分,且存在性别差异、地域差异,男生高于女生(P=0.0070.01),城镇学生高于乡村(P=0.0160.05);健康动机均得分为87.19分,乡村学生强于城镇(P=0.0120.05);健康行为知识与动机具有低相关(r=0.284),健康动机与运动强度具有低相关(r=0.124)。健康行为知识是激发健康动机的必要条件,但健康行为知识与动机并不一定能够预测或干预锻炼行为,表明健康信念模型还存有不足。

Research on college students’ health behavior knowledge,health behavior motivation and physical exercise behavior

Based on the health belief model theory, this research investigated college students’ health behavior knowledge, health behavior motivation, and physical exercise behaviors, and analyzed the relationship between them, and then tested the effec-tiveness of the health belief model. The questionnaires and statistical methods were used to collect and analyze the data. The results showed that the average score of college students’ knowledge of health behavior is 5. 83, and there are differences in gender and re-gion, with boys being better than girls （ P = 0. 007 〈 0. 01） and urban students being better than rural students （ P = 0. 016 〈0. 05）; health motivation has an average score of 87. 19, and the rural students have stronger health motivation than the urban ones （ P = 0. 012 〈 0. 05）; there is low coefficient between health behavior knowledge and motivation （ r = 0. 284）, and health moti-vation is associated with a low exercise intensity （ r = 0. 124）. Health behavior knowledge is a necessary condition to stimulate healthy motive, but the knowledge of health behavior and motives are not necessarily able to predict or interfere with exercise behav-ior, which indicates that there still exist some defects in the health belief model.