鲜食玉米田除草剂助剂的筛选及其增效作用

为筛选出鲜食玉米田内有助于除草剂增效的最佳助剂,在田间试验条件下,采用茎叶喷雾法比较了30%硝磺·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂中添加不同类型助剂的杂草防除效果,测定了助剂对不同除草剂增效作用及其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,供试的7种助剂中,有4种助剂对30%硝磺·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂表现出明显的增效作用,施药后15 d,在30%硝磺·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂70%常规用量(有效成分472.50 g·hm-2)中添加助剂有机硅增效剂(硅王和速润)和植物油+非离子表面活性剂(哈速腾和激健),其杂草鲜重防效均高于未添加助剂的处理,防效分别增加20.20%、13.13%、13.97%和20.20%。在推荐常规用量70%条件下,30%硝磺·莠去津(有效成分472.50 g·hm-2)、30%苯唑草酮(有效成分18.90 g·hm-2)、27%烟·硝·莠去津(有效成分567.00 g·hm-2)和31.5%烟嘧·莠去津(有效成分595.35 g·hm-2) 4种除草剂中添加激健助剂后,其防效分别增加17.53%、10.97%、8.76%和12.37%,其中在烟嘧·莠去津和硝磺·莠去津2种除草剂常规用量70%的条件下添加助剂处理与其常规用量相当,助剂对除草剂的减量使用作用明显。在配合4种除草剂减量使用过程中,激健助剂的添加对玉米产量无明显影响。综上所述,在减药模式下,适宜助剂的介入能提升除草剂防效,表现出明显的增效作用。研究结果将为福建省玉米田杂草的化学防除减施技术应用提供科学依据。

Screening of adjuvants for herbicides and their synergistic effects on herbicides used in a fresh maize field

To determine the adjuvants that have the best enhanced effect on herbicides,a field trial was carried out to compare the control effect of different types of adjuvants added to 30% mesotrione·atrazine OD on weeds.This was performed by spraying the stems and leaves of weeds in a fresh maize field,and the synergistic effect of different adjuvants and herbicides on the safety and yield of fresh maize was determined.Results showed that four out of seven tested adjuvants significantly enhanced the effect of 30% mesotrione·atrazine OD.The control effects of Guiwang silicone synergist plant oil,Su run silicone synergist plant oil,Hasuteng non-ionic surfactant,and Jijian non-ionic surfactant added to 70% conventional dose of 30% mesotrione·atrazine(active ingredient 472.50 g·hm~(-2)) were increased by 20.20%,13.13%,13.97%,and 20.20%,respectively,after 15 days of herbicide application.With70% conventional dose,the control effects of the treatments with Jijian added to mesotrione·atrazine(active ingredient472.50 g·hm~(-2)),topramezone(active ingredient 18.90 g·hm~(-2)),nicosulfuron·mesotrione·atrazine(active ingredient 567.00 g·hm~(-2)),and nicosulfuron·atrazine(active ingredient 595.35 g·hm~(-2)) were generally higher than those of treatments without adjuvants;the control effect increased by 17.53%,10.97%,8.76%,and 12.37%,respectively.The control effects of 70% conventional dose of nicosulfuron·atrazine and mesotrione·atrazine mixed with the adjuvant were equal to those of the conventional dose among them.Adjuvants significantly reduced the dosage of herbicide.Moreover,treatments with Jijian added to the tested herbicides had no significant effect on the safety and yield of fresh maize.These results demonstrate that herbicides mixed with a suitable adjuvant could improve weed control effects by reducing the dosage of the herbicide,indicating an evident synergistic effect.These results could provide a scientific basis regarding the application techniques of reducing herbicides in the chemical control of weeds in fresh maize fields.