聚果榕小蜂群落在中国西双版纳和缅甸曼德勒之间的地理变异

榕树及其传粉榕小蜂之间的相互作用是互惠共生的经典例子，每种雌雄同株的榕树还庇护着多样的非传粉小蜂，并共生形成多营养级的榕小蜂群落，是研究群落生态学的有趣模型。区域的物种库、物种的生物地理特征及种间相互作用可能影响榕小蜂群落，但研究很少。本研究选择分布于中国西双版纳和缅甸曼德勒的雌雄同株聚果榕小蜂群落作为研究对象，比较地理分布差异对榕小蜂个体大小及共存网络的影响。结果显示：聚果榕小蜂群落在两地由相同的6个种组成，但分布于西双版纳的6种榕小蜂的个体均显著大于分布在曼德勒的同种榕小蜂。在两个分布地传粉榕小蜂均为优势种，然而在西双版纳传粉榕小蜂种群较大，而在曼德勒非传粉小蜂更丰富。在两地聚果榕有不同的榕小蜂群落结构和物种丰富度，且榕小蜂共存的网络也存在变异，在两地共存网络有相同的节点、边、连接度和全局聚类系数，但是在西双版纳的共存网络有较大的直径和较高的群落矩阵温度，这表明分布于西双版纳的聚果榕小蜂群落种间互作不太紧密，群落受到的干扰较大。由此，阐明了由地理分布所驱动的榕小蜂群落变异。

Geographic variation of fig wasp communities in Ficus racemosa between Xishuangbanna (China) and Mandalay (Myanmar)

The interaction between Ficus species and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae) is a striking example of mutualism. Each monoecious fig species also harbors diverse non-pollinating chalcid wasps. Thus, multitrophic communities of fig wasps represent an interesting model for studies on community ecology. Fig wasp communities can be influenced by regional species pools, biogeographic features, and interspecific interactions, but they remain poorly researched. In this study, fig wasp communities of monoecious Ficus racemosa distributed in Xishuangbanna (China) and Mandalay (Myanmar) were selected to investigate the effects of geographic region on wasp size and coexistence networks. Results showed that the communities in F. racemosa at both sites contained the same six species of fig wasps. The body sizes of these six wasp species were all larger in Xishuangbanna than in Mandalay. Pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen sp. was the dominant species at both sites; however, the population size was larger in Xishuangbanna and the non pollinating fig wasps were more abundant in Mandalay. Thus, not only did community structure and species abundance differ between sites, but variation in the coexistence networks of fig wasps also existed. The networks exhibited similar number of nodes, edges, connections, and global clustering coefficients, but higher network diameters and temperatures in Xishuangbanna than in Mandalay. These results suggest less compactness in interspecific interactions and higher disturbance of the fig wasp community in Xishuangbanna. This study should help clarify community variation driven by geographic distribution.