中山站前沿固定冰破冰方案及船舶操纵方法

为了向“雪龙号”提供一条可行的卸货用航行水道，中国第一艘自主建造的破冰船“雪龙2号”急需在南极大陆的中山站前沿复杂的固定冰中制订一条破冰路线。在“雪龙号”过去多年积累数据和经验基础之上，通过详细分析破冰水域的航行环境、固定冰区当年冰情、最新气象辅助资料以及可用的先进设备，制订一条破冰计划路线。采用首尾破冰、进退速度控制、预留距离控制以及操纵船舶辅助破冰等方法，顺利完成破冰开路任务。实际破冰结果证明，计划路线既绕开了危险的冰裂缝和冰山，也为“雪龙号”节省大量的卸货时间。总结“雪龙2号“在固定冰中的破冰能力，指出相应的困难和急需解决的问题；为我国破冰船在极区常态化航行、冰区航行的船舶驾驶员、按极地规则要求进行的冰区航行培训以及相应的业务模拟提供参考。

The Analysis of Icebreaking Plan and Ship Maneuering in Fast Ice Near the Zhongshan Station

In order to provide the “XUELONG” with a possible channel to discharge cargo in complex fastice-covered water near ZHONGSHAN station in the Antarctic continent,the ice-breaker “XUELONG 2” built by China in dependently is in an urgent need for an ice-breaking route.Based on the data and experience accumulated over the years,the author and team members analyzed in detail the navigation environment,fast ice-covered water condition,the latest meteorological auxiliary materials and advanced equipment available on board,and made an ice-breaking plan route.After “XUELONG 2”finished ice-breaking,it was proved that the plan route can save much discharging time and avoid the ice crevasses,iceberg etc.The special Ice-Breaking method was adopted for forward and aft-ward performance,control of speed，safe distance for ramming ice during the whole ice breaking,as well as the method of ship maneuvering to help breaking fast-ice smoothly.Some Some difficulties and problems needed to resolve are listed.This paper provides reference for deck officers on Chinese icebreakers and merchant ships navigating in ice covered waters or polar waters,and for the training of navigation and the corresponding operation simulation according to the polar code.