巢湖鱼类区系研究

本文报告巢湖鱼类85种,对其区系特征、种群数量、区系组成的变化以及数量变动的原因和对策,均进行了阐述,可供开发利用巢湖资源及研究巢湖鱼类工作参考。

STUDY ON ICHTHYOLOGlCAL FAUNA OF CHAO LAKE

Chao Lake is located in the central part of Anhui Province and is interlinked with the Changjiang River. The survey of fishes of Chao Lake was conducted by author during 1959-1963. The Character of Ichthyological fauna of Chao Lake was: (1) There were 45 species of Cyprinidae in Chao Lake, It took 53.0％ of the total species and composed the dominant group. (2) The faunal constitution was as follows: China Plain Complex(39spp., 52.7％), India Plain Complex (19spp., 25.7％)and Upper Tertiary Complex (16spp., 21.6％). It showes that the Ichthyological fauna of Chao Lake is in the area of transition from Palaearctic to Oriental, but the Oriental species takes the possition of dominant. Considered the population quatity, Coilia ectenes was the predomina nant species took 80％ of the annual yield, the dominant species were Erythro culler ilishaeformis, E. mongolicus, Xinocypris argentea, Hypophthalimichthys molitrix, Arislichthys nobilis, Elopichthys bambusa, Coreius heterodon, Protosalanx hyalocranius, Mylopharyngodon piceus, Cyprinus carpio, Parabramis pekinensis, Hemiculter leucisculus and Saurogobio dabryi. The common species were Carassius auratus, Parasilurus asotus, Hemibarbus maculatus, Squaliobarbus curriculus, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, P. vachelli, Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis, Siniperca, chuatsi, Ophiocephalus argus and Hemirhamphus sajori. But in recent two decades the annual yield of these economic fishes declined year after year, especially of migratory fishcs. The reasons of the decline are: (1) There was a flood in 1954 which drowned lots of water plants, afterwards the water level was higher then be fore and prevented the water plants from recovery. (2) The establishment of sluice gate prevent some migratory fishes from entering Chao Lake. (3) Long period of overfishing seriously destroyed fish resources. The way of recovery and development of Inchthyological fauna of Chao Lake should be: (1) Improve the environment of water and land, consi der Chao Lake as an integrated water ecosystem. (2) Recover and develop water plants and take technical measures to change the composition of fauna to increase reproductive rate. (3) Strengthen the legal system, forbin to use illegal fishing tools and fishing during the reproductive period.