自组装单分子膜的缺陷及修饰研究现状

综述了自组装单分子膜的结构及组装方法，缺陷产生的机理、表征方法，以及对自组装单分子膜缺陷的修饰方法．自组装单分子膜可分为单层膜和多层膜．单层膜主要指以共价键和离子键为驱动力形成的，多层膜的组装方法主要是分子沉积(MD)技术和基于化学吸附的自组装单分子膜技术．自组装膜的缺陷对其具有的特殊性能有影响，分子的倒伏造成了膜的缺陷，其影响因素很多，其中基片表面的化学组成与化学性质和成膜分子自身性质起决定作用；优化成膜反应条件，可有效地控制膜的增长．

Defects and modification methods of self-assembled monolayers

The self-assembly mechanism, the defects of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) and its characteristics, especially, the modification of defects of SAMs, are reviewed. SAMs consist of monolayers and multilayers. The former is primarily formed by covalent bond electrovalent bond, while the later is obtained by molecular deposition (MD) and SAMs based on chemisorption. The defects of SAMs, which are aroused by irregular moleculars, appear in the process of self-assembly. Furthermore, the defects have bad effect on the special characteristics of SAMs. The primary influential factors are chemical structure and chemical properties for substrate and characteristics for assembled moleculars. Moreover, the optimal environment can effectively control the shape of SAMs.