中国荒漠半荒漠地区拟步甲的组成和分布特点

中国荒漠半荒漠地区已知拟步甲３亚科１９族５９属３２４种，其中特有种１７１种，占５２．８％；中亚种９２种，占２８．４％；西伯利亚种３５种，占１０．８％；青藏高原种１５种，占４．６％；泛古北种８种，占１３．６％；地中海种３种，占０．９１％。属级单位组成上呈现中亚区系＞西伯利亚区系＞地中海区系＞地方特有区系＞青藏高原区系＞泛古北区系，其数量分别是３０，２２，１５，１４，１３，８。属种及其数量分布在各地理上呈现由西向东、由北向南递减的趋势，即新疆４１属２１５种＞内蒙古３８属１２９种＞甘肃３０属７７种＞宁夏２４属７１种＞青海北部１２属２９种＞陕西北部１４属２１种＞山西北部１１属１７种＞河北北部１０属１６种＞辽宁西部５属１２种。表明中国荒漠半荒漠地区拟步甲昆虫是中亚区系的主要组成成分，在属级组成上与欧洲———西伯利亚区系和青藏高原区系有较大联系，新疆是我国荒漠半荒漠地区拟步甲昆虫分布最丰富地区，占总种数的６６．４％。本文还对新疆地区、柴达木盆地、甘蒙地区、蒙东半荒漠区和高山地区５个典型地区的拟步甲分布特点作了分析对比

Faunal Composition and Distributional Characters of Darkling Beetles(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Desert and Semidesert of China

subfamilies,19 tribes ,59 genera and 324 species (subspecies) of darkling beetles are reported from Chinese desert and semidesert regions in this paper, among them 171 species are endemic, occupying 52.8%; 92 Centro-Asiatic species,28.4%;35 Sibiran species,10.8%;14 Qinghai_Xizang species,4.3%; 8 Pan_palaearctic spesies,3.6% and 3 Mediterranean Sea species,0.91%.The fauna characters of genera degree presented on composition are:Centro_Asiatic member(30)>Siberian member(22)>Mediterranean member(15)>Endemic member(14)>Qinghai_Xizang member(13) > Pan_palaea_rctic member(8), respectively; the numbers of genera and species distribution each zoogeographical region presented progressively decreasing trend from west to east and from north to south(genera/species): Xinjiang(41/215 )>Inner Mongolia (38/129)>Gansu( 30/77)>Ningxia (24/71)>Northern Qinghai(12/29)>Nothern Shaanxi(14/21)>Northern Shanxi(11/ 17)>Nothern Hebei (10/16) > West Liaoning(5/12). These numbers indicated that the darkling beetles of desert and semidesert regions are most mainly composition member for Centro_Asiatic fauna, and Europe_Siberian fauna and Qinghai_Xizang fauna presented considerable contract on fauna composition of genera degree, Xinjiang is richest region where the darkling beetles distributed, about 66.4% of total species. Except the above_mentioned contents, also analysed mainly fauna character and contract for five typical regions of tenebrionid beetles in China, namely: Xinjiang region, Chaidamu region, the Gansu_Inner Mongolia region, the Semidesert region of East Inner Mongolia and the high mountain.