分子生物学技术在微生物多样性研究中的应用

用传统的方法很难鉴别微生物的差异,分子生物学技术就很好地解决了该问题,尤其适合于常规方法失效的情况下.该技术的主要程序是:先从微生物中直接提取DNA,对DNA进行PCR(PolymericChainReaction)或RAPD(RandomAmplificationofPolymorphicDNA)扩增,然后进行DGGE(DenaturingGradientGetElectrophoresis)电泳,或RFLP(RestrictionFragmentLengthPolymorphism),ELISA(Enzyme＿LinkedImmunosorbentAssay)分析等,之后进行测序,测序结果与网上基因库进行对比,来确定样品中微生物的种类.此方法是直接从样品中提取总DNA,中间不会造成菌株的富集或衰减,具有很高的准确性.此方法对微生物多样性的深入研究很有效.

Molecular Techniques Applied in the Studies of Microbial Genome

The difference between the bacteria were little and similitude which can't be identified by traditional methods, but the molecular techniques based on molecular biology technologies and concept of bacterial identification made it possible to identify the possible existing bacterial species or content of those bacteria, especial for unable-culturing bacteria in normal conditions.The molecular techniques applied in the studies of microbial include the isolation on the variable genomic DNA directly from bacteria, amplification on the variable region of 16S rDNA by polymeric chain reaction (PCR), RAPD,DGGE,RFLP, and some others, then sequenced. Finally, the results were compared with the database of Genebank in order to identify or detect the microbes in the samples.