优选我国沿海煤炭运输系统特征元素的对策

提出一种分三个层次优选我国煤炭海运系统特征元素的方法.(1)在特定航线上,结合蒙特卡洛试验分析,用排队理论随机模拟船舶的营运,对煤炭运输进行系统仿真,分析中的变量参数有:船舶尺度、泊位个数与规模、装卸机械的型式和装卸率.通过计算,揭示了船舶、装卸机械和泊位的内在关系;(2)在多航线情况中以目标规划的方法对沿海煤炭运输系统整体进行规划研究,以平均年度费用、投资量、钢材消耗等为目标,按照目标优先等级的概念进行了列式解算,并且讨论了目标结构变化时解的结构变化;(3)进一步对单船船型进行了优化计算,发现船的方形系数多数超过0.8,B/T在3.0以上,L/B 在5.0～6.0,即船舶向肥短方向发展,航速较低,约13节左右.

Strategies for Optimizing Characteristic Elements of Sea-transportation Systems of coal in China

A set of methods for optimizing the characteristic elements of sea-transportation systems of coal in China are presented in this paper.It consistsof three steps:(1)Based on the queueing theory in combination with theMonte Carlo experimental method sea-transportation operations for a specialroute are simulated.Variables considered in this step are ship's demensions,number of berths and their capacity,type of loading/unloading facilities andtheir rate.Through calculation,the relationships between ship,berth andloading/unloading facilities are revealed.(2)The goal programming methodis used to study the entire coal sea-transportation system in multi-route cases.The goals concerned in this step are AAC,investment amounts and steelconsumption according to the concept of goal preference.Changes of resultsare also discussed when the structures of goals are changed.(3) Based on theabove two steps,the main demensions of ships are optimized in detail interms of the nonlinear programming method.It can be seen from the resultsthat most of the ships are short and full with C_B>0.8,B/T>3.0,5.0