基于随机边界方法的银行效率与产权结构

基于随机边界方法研究了1996～2008年我国不同产权类型银行的效率差别，分析了银行效率和产权结构之间的关系.结果表明，国有股权持股比例和产权集中度均与银行效率存在显著的倒U型关系，即国有股权持股比例介于15％～50％的银行和前3大股东的持股比例介于20％～50％的银行，其效率表现最佳.此外，外资股权对国内银行的参股比例越高，其效率也越好，并且私人银行与外资股权的结合效果要优于国有产权.因此，我国银行产权改革的重点应该是通过引入不同的国有或非国有企业法人股，降低股权的集中度，从而优化银行的经营效率.

Research on Bank Efficiency and Ownership Structure Based on Stochastic Frontier Approach

Based on the stochastic frontier approach, this paper investigated the efficiency difference for different ownership type banks in the period of 1996 to 2008, and analyzed the relationship between the efficiency and ownership structure. The results show that both the state owned shares ratio and ownership concentration have a significant inverted U shape relationship with the bank efficiency, that is, for the banks of state owned shares ranging of 15%-50% and banks of the top three shareholders equity ratio ranging of 20%-50%, the efficiency performance is the best. In addition, the more foreign equity shares in domestic banks, the higher efficiency reveals, moreover, the combination effect of private banks and foreign equity is superior to the state owned banks with foreign shares. Therefore, in order to optimize operational efficiency of banks, the ownership reforms for Chinese banks should focus on reducing the ownership concentration through the introduction of different shares of state owned or non state owned enterprises.