国际贸易中的最小质量标准研究

提出最小质量标准(MQS)作为贸易技术壁垒(TBT)来考虑，因为贸易技术壁垒的实质就是设定一个高于进口产品质量的标准，以阻碍进入．在此前提下，根据当前企业所遭遇的贸易技术壁垒的实际情况，考虑了在一个开放的经济体中，在两个国家生产技术非对称的情况下．技术的非对称对于企业利润的影响以及国内外企业的利润及社会福利随MQS的变化情况．研究结果表明．当政府设定MQS，国外企业的利润增加，本国企业的利润减少，但消费者剩余增加，且消费者剩余的增加幅度要大于本国企业利润的减少，故社会福利增加．因此，政府有动机设定MQS．

Study of the Minimum Quality Standards in International Trade

The paper proposed that the minimum quality standards (MQS) can be treated as technical barriers to trade (TBT) because TBT is to set a standard higher than the quality of imports essentially in order to block the entry. In this premise, based on the real conditions that firms encountered with TBT, the paper considered the effect of asymmetric techniques to firms' profits and the change of foreign and domestic firms' profits and social welfare with MQS under the condition of two countries with asymmetric production techniques in an open economy. The results show that when the government sets MQS, the profits of domestic firm decreases and foreign increases, yet the consumer surplus increases. At the same time, the increase of consumer surplus is greater than the decrease of foreign firm's profits, so the social welfare increases and the government has incentive to set MQS.