新西兰喀斯特流域水文过程的地貌效应

本文以新西兰喀斯特为例,研究了流域水文过程的地貌效应,发现:①喀斯特洼地具有五种水流成分;②森林与草场覆盖的喀斯特流域具有不同的洪峰结构特征;③内源水、外源水与混合水盆地分别表现出不同的化学径流过程;④在一个碳酸盐岩地块中,与外源水相比,内源水造成80％的溶蚀作用;⑤喀斯特地貌演化均通过内源水、外源水、地表水与地下水转化来促进。

KARST GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOME DRAINAGE BASINS, NEW ZEALAND

Taking the karst of New Zealand as example, this paper looks at the geomorphological effects of hydrological processes in some drainage basins. It is concluded with several points. Firstly, any model of karst depression hydrology normally in corporatcs five main component of flow. Secondly, structural characteristics of stormflow peak discharge of the basin under pasture are quite different from those of the basin under natural forest. Thirdly, temporal variations in solute concentration provide a measure of contributions by different subcatchmcnts in a drainage basin, autogenic one, allogenic one and mixed one. Fourthly, contrasting with allogenic water, autqgenic water is responsible for 80% solution in a carbonate massif. The last one is that kasrt geomorphological evolution is encouraged by active exchanges of autogenic an allogenic water, surface and subsurface water.