魏晋南北朝小说的虚实观

魏晋南北朝,不仅小说的虚构观念开始明确出现,而且方术之士在编撰志怪小说时也开始了有意的虚构。但是,虚构不是作为一个积极的概念问世的,而是在一片批评和谴责声中出现的。虚构作为小说的一种艺术手段在魏晋南北朝并没有得到确立和认同,六朝人反对虚构,崇尚真实。小说记事真实与否,几乎成了评价其成败优劣的唯一标准。此外,关于魏晋南北朝小说的虚构与真实问题,还存在极为复杂的关系,我们难以分清小说的故事何者为虚,何者为实;也难以分清小说是在原初的故事的产生和传播过程中有了虚构,还是小说家在整理加工时进行了虚构,小说家是进行了无意的虚构还是进行了有意的虚构。

The Viewpoint of the Fabrication and Truth of Novels in Wei-Jin Southern-Northern Dynasties

Not only the fabrication viewpoint of the novels had appeared clearly and definitely in Wei-Jin Southern-Northern Dynasties,but also the necromancers started to fabricate consciously when they wrote the stories of apparitions.Yet,the viewpoint of fabrication did not come out as a positive notion,but arose in the criticism and denunciation.The fabrication was not established and recognized as a kind of artistic measure in Wei-Jin southern-Northern Dynasties.Men in Wei-Jin Southern-Northern Dynasties were against fabrication but advocated truth.The truth of novels was almost the only criterion evaluating them good or bad.Moreover,there was extremely complex relationship between the fabrication and truth of novels in Wei-Jin Southern-northern Dynasties.It is difficult for us to draw a clear line between imaginary story and true story.We do not know that the novelists fabricated their novels consciously or unconsciously.