试论明清时期文山地区开发的基本经验

以今文山州为核心的滇东南边疆早在汉武帝经营西南夷时即被纳入西汉帝国辖治。南朝后中央政府在云南地区的统治强弱不定,唐宋时滇东南则处于南诏大理与唐宋政权的缓冲地带。元代虽高度统一,而在边远的滇东南,仍是土官管辖之下,未有建制府州县的设置。直到明洪武十五年今文山北部始有广南府的设立,不过外地流官很少有到实地履任的。清康雍之际,大规模改土归流,设立开化府,加强了政治上的统治,文山地区进入了较快发展时期。在这一过程中,政府的主导、移民的大规模进入、对交通的重视等成为重要的因素。

On Basic Experience of Development of Wenshan Region in Ming and Qing Dynasties

The southeast frontier region which takes present wenshan prefecture as its center,belonged to central government in West Han Dynasty.When emperor Wu in West Han Dynasty came into power.However,because of location in south west of central government,it was at the end of central government and local government（the government NanZhao and Dali）,wandering on the fringe of political government,lead to the slow social and economic development,being regarded as region of remote and smoke of wild dysentery.Till the 15th year of Hongwu＇s government,Guangnan government＇s mansion was founded in the north of Wenshan.However,Guangnan Government＇s mansion was remote from central government,governors rarely went here to carry their duties,and the governing power fell into the hands of Tusi.In Qing dynasty of Kangxi＇s governing period,some new policies were adopted and Kaihua government mansion was set up to enhance political government on Wenshan,so wenshan went into a fast development period.In this procedure,government＇s guide and immigrants＇ pouring into,paying more attentions on traffic facilities are important factors.