我国专利分布的空间特征与区域创新能力影响因素分析

基于1988～2008年的发明专利授权数据,采用GIS分析技术,描绘了我国专利分布的空间演化过程.结果显示,经过近30年的发展,我国区域创新活动特征已逐渐从单极化的点状发展向沿海区域分散化的线面发展转变,但是创新进步集团与落后集团之间的差距在加大.为了找到影响区域创新能力的因素,建立了以专利数据为因变量,技术基础环境因素与需求因素为自变量回归模型,并详细分析了国有企业、私营企业、外资企业各自的创新活动特征以及对区域创新能力的影响,发现影响区域创新能力的主要因素是各省域的综合发展水平,而国有企业对新产品新技术的产生没有明显促进作用,与其在大企业集团中的经济比重不符,私营企业在创新活动中的作用不明,外资企业虽然创新活跃,但集中在外观设计领域.

Analysis on spatial characteristic of patent distribution and factors of regional innovation potential of China

Based on the analysis of patent data from 1988 to 2008,the geography of regional innovation activity in China was studied.It was found that patents in China are highly clustered in coastal areas,while the degree of spatial concentration of patents is increasing over time.In order to find the factors that leads to the agglomeration of patent,a regression model was employed,using patent data as dependent variables,while those reflecting the technical infrastructure and need as independent variables.Variables related to different ownership were included in order to examine their effects on regional innovative behaviors.The result shows that comprehensive development level is the initial factor that affects the innovation potential of the region.The effect of state-owned enterprises on emergence of new product and technology is not notable,and the effect of private enterprises in the innovation activity is not clear,either.Foreign-funded enterprises are very active in innovation,but mainly in the exterior design area.