对孔德的方法论、伦理道德观和宗教观的探解

孔德是在其实证主义和社会有机体理论的体系下阐述他的方法论、伦理道德观和宗教观的。他的方法论是实证的、整体的、有机的和科学的方法。他认为应该应用这些方法进行社会科学和自然科学研究;他的伦理道德观是从人性出发,强调爱他人、爱社会的情感和仁爱的爱他主义行为,认为只有这样才能实现社会的和谐;他的宗教观是他晚年思想的重大的转变,他一反早年反宗教的实证主义,认为人人应该信奉“上帝之爱”并发扬“爱他主义”的仁爱,这样就能实现社会的和谐和秩序,为此,人人应该加入他的“人类教”。

Discussion on Auguste Comte's Methodology, Ethic and Religion

Auguste Comte explained his methodology,the moral concept of ethics and religious view under his positivism and system of the social organism theory.His methodology is demonstrational,integral,organic and scientific method,and he thought that this method should be employed to carry on social science and natural science research.His ethic moral concept starts from human nature,and puts emphasis on the emotion of loving others and society and the kindhearted behavior of loving others,and he thought that only in this way can the harmony of the society be realized.His religious view is great transition of his thought in his late life,and he changed his positivism of the anti-religion of early years and he thought everybody should believe in "God's love" and develop kind-heartedness of "loving others".In this way,the harmonious order of the society can be reached.Therefore,everybody should join in his "the mankind religion".