绿洲-荒漠过渡带陆面温度与地表能量关系分析

 以实测气象资料为基础，通过波文比能量平衡法对芨芨草地地表能量进行计算，深入探讨了不同天气条件下陆面温度变化规律及其与地表能量的关系特征，建立了适合新疆准噶尔盆地东南部绿洲 荒漠过渡带的陆面温度预测模型。结果表明：① 受不同天气地表能量特征差异的影响，晴天表层土壤（5 cm、10 cm、15 cm）温度变化呈“S”型曲线，雨天与晴天相似，只是振幅减小，而阴天呈直线下降特征。其中，晴天表层土温峰值出现时间由地表向下呈现每5 cm 2.5 h的滞后性。不论何种天气，40 cm及其以下深层土温几乎没有日变化。② 各地表能量分量与表层土壤温度均表现出相关系数值随土壤深度的增加而不断减小，至20 cm负相关性达到最大。③ 各能量分量对土壤温度的影响程度表现为：土壤热通量（G）最大，其次为净辐射（Rn）和感热（H），潜热（LE）最小。④ 除H外，不同天气条件下各能量分量与土壤温度相关性均表现为晴天>平均>阴天>雨天，土温对能量变化的反应强度（回归系数）也大体表现出相同的规律。⑤ 经过检验的陆面温度预测模型表明：湿热性能量因子（LE）对干旱区绿洲 荒漠过渡带陆面温度的影响微弱。

Analysis of Relationship between Land Surface Temperature and Energy in the Oasis-Desert Ecotone

Based on the measured meteorological data，the change of land surface temperature under different weather conditions and the relationship between surface energy and surface temperature are discussed by using the Bowen ratio method to calculate the Splendens ground surface energy. The land surface temperature forecasting models of the oasis-desert ecotone in the southeast of the Dzungaria Basin in Xinjiang is established. The results indicate that: ① The curve of top soil (5 cm，10 cm，15 cm) temperatures，affected by different characteristics of the land surface energy under different weather conditions，shows a "S" type. Rainy days have a curve similar to that of sunny days，only with a weakened amplitude. The cloudy days manifest the feature of linear decrease. The time point of the peak of soil temperature reveals 2.5 h/5cm lagging from the surface downwards. Regardless of the weather，the soil temperature below 40 cm has almost no diurnal variation. ② The correlation coefficient between each energy component and soil temperature decreases continuously with the depth of soils，which reaches the maximum negative correlation at 20 cm. ③ The degree of influence of energy component on soil temperature is as follows: soil heat flux (G) is biggest，followed by the net radiation (Rn) and sensible heat (H)，and latent heat (LE) is minimum. ④ Except for H，the correlation between energy component and the soil temperature under different weather conditions showed that: sunny> the average> cloudy> rainy. The response extent of the soil temperature to the energy change (regression coefficients) almost accords with the same rule. ⑤ Established and certified land surface temperature forecasting models suggest that the land surface temperature is affected only slightly by the hygrothermal energy factor (LE) in the arid oasis desert ecotone.