氢能与燃料电池关键科学技术: 挑战与前景

氢能是可持续的二次清洁能源, 产业链主要包括氢气的制取、储存、运输和应用等环节. 燃料电池是氢能利用的主要方式, 处于产业链的核心地位. 以氢能产业链为主线, 围绕氢能燃料电池产业化进展, 对制氢、储氢、加氢站、氢能燃料电池电堆及关键材料, 以及车用燃料电池系统关键部件的技术特征、产业化进展、发展现状及存在的挑战进行了概述, 尤其对中国燃料电池产业链的发展现状进行了重点介绍. 为了加速氢能与燃料电池真正意义上的产业化, 还提出了几点需要克服挑战的研发方向.

Key scientific and technological principles of hydrogen energy and fuel cells: challenges and prospects

Hydrogen is a clean and sustainable secondary energy source. Its industrial chain consists of production, storage, transportation, and usage. Fuel cells, the devices that are the most efficient in terms of hydrogen use, play a pivotal role in the hydrogen industrial chain. In this paper, several fundamental scientific technologies are discussed alongside the industrialisation of hydrogen and fuel cell production. The processes and technologies introduced in this paper include hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen refuelling stations, fuel cell stacks, key materials, and the key component/system requirements for fuel cells stacks. In addition, potential challenges as well as recent developments of the hydrogen industrial chain in China are summarised and discussed. Furthermore, to facilitate further research and development of these critical processes, several directions for future research are proposed.