电流变液的研究进展与存在问题

电流变液是具有高介电常数的固体微粒分散于低介电常数的绝缘液体中所形成的一类稳定悬浮液。作为近年来发展较快的一类智能材料，由于其具有在液体和固体之间进行快速可逆转变的特性，因此在机电一体化控制、汽车、通用机械等领域有着广泛的应用前景，并有可能在这些部门引起革命性的变化。本文详细评述了电流变液在作用机制，材料，应用等方面的研究现状，并提出了电流变液研究中尚待解决的问题。

Development and Problems on the Study of the Electrorheological Fluids

Electrorheological(ER) fluids are stable suspensions consisting of fine particles of high dielectric constant in a low dielectric constant carrying fluid. As one kind of important smart materials, ER fluids have developed rapidly in recent years. ER effects represent a rapid and reversible change between liquid and solid states upon applying high electric fields. This novel property enables ER fluids and devices have the potential to revolutionize many future technologies such as the new design of electromechanical control, automobile and other general machinery. In this article, not only the latest researches on mechanisms, materials and applications of ER fluids have been discussed deliberately, but also some problems existing in the study have been presented.