北五味子不同方法提取物的功能活性研究

目的对比研究北五味子不同方法提取物的抗疲劳、抗氧化、镇静催眠活性作用.方法采用超临界CO2萃取法、乙醇回流提取法、热水提取法对北五味子进行三级提取;采用小鼠力竭游泳实验观察超临界油和醇提物的抗运动性疲劳作用,采用体外检测羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基实验观察醇提物和水提物的抗氧化作用,采用阈剂量戊巴比妥钠催眠实验观察水提物对小鼠的镇静催眠作用.结果北五味子超临界油、醇提物和水提物质量占比为21.67%,29.17%和31.5%.超临界油和醇提物均能延长小鼠运动时间,且超临界油延长时间长些;水提物和醇提物对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均具有抑制作用,且醇提物抑制能力强些;水提物能明显减少小鼠自主活动次数,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠只数,并缩短小鼠睡眠潜伏期,延长阈剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间.结论北五味子超临界油和醇提物具有抗疲劳活性,且超临界油强些;醇提物和水提物具有抗氧化活性,且醇提物强些;水提物具有镇静催眠活性.本实验对利用北五味子提取物研发五味子保健食品具有指导意义.

On Functional Activity of Schisandra chinensis Extracts by Different Methods

Objective To study the activities of Schisandrae chinensis extracts by different methods in fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance, sedative hypnotic. Method Supercritical CO2 extraction, ethanol refluxing extraction and hot water extraction were used to extract Schisandrae chinensis. The fatigue resistant abilities of supercritical oil and alcohol extract were observed in mouse swimming exhaustion experiment. The antioxidant effects of alcohol extract and water extract were tested by detecting hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion free radical in vitro. Sedative hypnotic effect of the water extract was evaluated by using pentobarbital sodium induced sleep experiment in mice. Results The quantity ratios of supercritical oil,alcohol extract and water extract were 21. 67%,29. 17% and 31. 5%,respectively. Both supercritical oil and alcohol extract prolonged the exercise time of mice,and supercritical oil showed superiority. Both water extract and alcohol extract could inhibit hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion free radicals, and alcohol extract had stronger ability. Water extract could significantly reduce the number of autonomic activities,increase the number and shorten the sleeping latency induced by subthreshold dose of sodium pentobarbital,prolong the sleeping time induced by threshold dose of sodium pentobarbital in mice. Conclusion The supercritical oil and alcohol extract of Schisandrae chinensis has anti-fatigue activity, and supercritical oil has superiority. Alcohol extract and water extract have antioxidant activity,and alcohol extract exhibits stronger ability. Aqueous extract has sedative hypnotic activity. This experiment has guiding significance for the development of health foods by using extracts from Schisandrae chinensis fruit.