泥炭湿地物种多样性、生产力与土壤养分关系

按照水位梯度将金川泥炭地的植物群落划分为4个类型(臌囊苔草-柳叶绣线菊群落、芦苇-臌囊苔草群落、臌囊苔草群落和油桦-臌囊苔草群落),研究4个群落的物种多样性与生产力及土壤养分的关系.结果表明:随着水位的升高,4个群落的生物量逐渐减少,水位最低处的臌囊苔草-柳叶绣线菊群落的地上生物量最高;4个群落中地下水位、生物量、土壤全氮、土壤全磷和物种多样性均存在显著差异(P0.05),土壤有机质差异不显著;物种多样性仅与土壤全磷呈显著正相关关系(P0.01),与全氮、有机质和地下水位无相关性;生物量随土壤全氮、全磷的增加显著增加,与湿地水位呈显著负相关,与土壤有机质含量之间关系不显著.金川泥炭地群落生产力的分布与土壤全氮、全磷和泥炭地水位的关系密切;土壤全磷可能是影响物种多样性的主要因子.

Relationships between Species Diversity,Productivity and Soil Nutrients of Peat Land

According to the water level gradient, the plant communities of Jinchuan peatland were divided into four types ( Carex schmidti-Spiraea salicifolia community,Phragmites australis-Carex schmidti community,Carex schmidti community Carex schmidti-Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana community ) , the relationship between species diversity,productivity of the 4 types and soil nutrient were examined. The results showed that with the increasing of water table, the aboveground biomass of four different communities decreased gradually. The communities of Carex schmidti-Spiraea salicifolia on the lowest water table had the highest aboveground biomass. There were obvious differences of biomass, total N, total P and species diversity among the four communities, while tiny difference of the soil organic matter. Species diversity was only positively correlated to soil total P ,had no significant relationship with soil total N,total P,water table and soil organic matter. In four communities,the biomass dramatically increased as the amount of total N and total P increased,had no significant relationship with soil organic matter. The productivity distribution of the peat wetland is closely related to soil total N,total P and water table. Total P in soil could be the main factor that affects the species diversity.