球面滑动轴承基本特性与水工闸门定轮自动纠偏

分析了球面滑动轴承的基本特性．以球面滑动轴承的外环作为分离体，对其进行了受力分析，重点探讨了该类轴承的自纠偏机理；应用动力学模型分析了球面滑动轴承的纠偏过程．给出了数值算例．理论分析与数值计算表明，球面轴承内、外环球面接触点的位置，将随外载荷的变化而变化；如果安装其上的定轮出现了轴线的角度偏差，将会引起沿接触线的附加滑动摩擦力，并使球面接触点偏离对称位置，致使支反力与附加摩擦力形成恢复力矩，纠正初始的角度偏差．使定轮轴线处于最小摩擦功率损失的稳定方向．

Fundamental characteristics of spherical bearing and ability of auto-correcting angular deviation of fixed wheel of plane sluice gate

The fundamental characteristics of the spherical bearing are analyzed. By means of the mechanics analysis of the outer ring of the bearing, the ability of the auto-correcting angular deviation of the bearing is revealed. The process of the correcting angular deviation has been analyzed by using the dynamic model. Through the theoretical analysis and the numerical computation, the following conclusions have been drawn: the position of the contact point between the outer ring and the inner ring of the spherical bearing is changing with the external force; if the angular deviation exists in the axis of the outer ring of the bearing, then this deviation will lead to the friction along the contact line between the fixed wheel and the guide, the friction and the bearing force along the x axis will form the resume moment. This moment makes the initial angular deviation decrease and the axis of the outer ring orient to stable direction.