市场参与者在电力供应紧张时期的效益分析

以我国电力市场化改革为背景，定量分析了在电力供应失去弹性时政府对售电电价进行管制所引起的效率损失，指出了售电电价未能有效反映电力商品的实际供求关系是电网公司和发电公司在电力供应不足时期反而面临经营危机的根源．同时评估了电网购用小型发电公司电力对全社会电价水平的影响，并对购用高价电能前后的社会综合效益进行对比，认为引入社会剩余定价方式可以较好地解决电力企业和用户之间的效益均衡问题．算例分析表明，文中所提出的定价方式是切实可行的．

Benefit Analysis of Participants During the Period with Insufficient Electricity Supply

In view of China's restructuring of its electric power system,the surplus loss caused by the price regulation by the government in the period of inelastic electricity supply is quantitatively analyzed,indicating that power generation companies as well as grid corporations have to face a crisis in their operation even in a period when an urgent electricity demand occurs,because the electricity price cannot adequately reflect the relationship between supply and demand.The impact on the price resulting from the purchasing of energy generated by small units is then evaluated,and the aggregate benefit before and after the purchasing of high-price electricity is compared.It is concluded that a surplus-based pricing mechanism can help achieve an equilibrium in benefit between the supplier and the consumer.This conclusion is also verified by a case study.