湿热地区复廊式住院楼天井空间自然通风模拟及设计研究

我国湿热地区气候特殊，医院通过空调系统进行通风导致其运行能耗巨大。医院住院部的大部分公共空间在合理分类和布局的情况下，可以并且有必要通过自然通风的手段和方法来满足使用者的热舒适要求，改善建筑内部空气质量，同时有效节能降耗。天井是湿热地区建筑常见的气候适应空间，文中以我国湿热地区代表性城市广州（23.1°N,113.3°E）作为研究地点，以复廊式住院楼为研究对象，通过设计医院住院楼模型的CFD模拟实验、分析湿热地区全年适宜自然通风的时段，探究天井空间的设计要素对复廊式住院楼护理单元公共空间自然通风性能的影响。结果表明：医院复廊式住院楼设计中，相较与无天井布局，天井空间可以有效改善复廊式住院楼护理单元公共空间自然通风性能；通过设置合理的天井的平面形式、位置和高度，可以使医院复廊式住院楼各层护理单元公共空间获得满足人体舒适的自然通风；合理设置住院楼建筑首层的进风口位置，可增大全年自然通风潜力，以广州地区为例，该区域除南向外，东南、东北和北向都有较高频率的自然风，因此，除在建筑首层南向外，还宜在东南、东北和北向设置部分进风口，以增大全年自然通风潜力。

Study on Simulation and Design of Natural Ventilation for Patio Space of Multi Corridor Inpatient Building in Humid and Hot Areas

Due to the special climate in the humid and hot areas of China, the ventilation of hospitals through air-conditioning system leads to huge energy consumption. Most public spaces in the inpatient department of a hospital can and should be naturally ventilated to meet the thermal comfort needs of users, improve indoor air quality, and effectively save energy and reduce consumption, given proper categorization and layout. Patio is a common climate adaptive space for buildings in humid and hot areas. The article took Guangzhou, a representative city in the hot and humid region of China (23.1°N, 113.3°E), as the research location and the corridor-type inpatient building as the research object. Through the CFD simulation experiment of designing a hospital inpatient building model and analyzing the suitable periods for natural ventilation in the hot and humid region throughout the year, the study explored the influence of design elements of courtyard space on the natural ventilation performance of the public space in the nursing unit of the multi-corridor inpatient building. The results show that compared with the building without patio, the multi corridor inpatient building with the patio space can effectively improve the natural ventilation performance of the nursing unit public space of the multi corridor inpatient building; By setting a reasonable plan form, position, and height for the courtyard, the public space of each nursing unit on all levels of the multi-corridor inpatient building can achieve natural ventilation that meets human comfort. By setting the position of the air inlet on the ground floor of the inpatient building reasonably, the potential for natural ventilation throughout the year can be increased. For example, in the Guangzhou area, besides the south-facing direction, there is a higher frequency of natural wind in the southeast, northeast, and north directions. Therefore, in addition to the south-facing direction on the ground floor of the building, it is also appropriate to set some air inlets in the southeast, northeast, and north directions to increase the potential for natural ventilation throughout the year.