服装开口部位对着装热舒适性的影响

服装开口是促进衣下空间与外界环境之间热交换的重要途径.采用暖体假人和人体生理试验方法,在无风和有风两种条件下,对胸部、背部和腋下等不同部位开口及无开口状态下的服装热阻、平均皮肤温度、衣下湿度和主观舒适感等指标进行测量.研究结果显示,服装开口部位对服装总热阻有影响,腋下开口的服装热阻最低;服装开口部位对人体体温调节有显著影响,在胸部和腋下开口有助于增强衣下空气与外界环境之间气体交换,增加对流和蒸发散热,从而减缓皮肤温度和衣下湿度升高.试验结果同时表明,风速对服装热阻及人体各项生理指标的影响更为显著.总体而言,服装腋下部位开口对人体热湿生理调节起到促进作用,具有较好着装舒适感.

Effects of the Positions of Clothing Openings on Thermal Comfort

Clothing openings critically influence the heat exchange between the external environment and the clothing microenvironment.The effects of varying clothing openings’ position including at chest,upper back,under-arm or no opening,on thermal comfort were investigated using both thermal manikin and garment wear trials in the environments with or without wind.Clothing thermal insulation,mean skin temperature,clothing microclimate relative humidity and subjective ratings on comfort were recorded during the tests.The results showed that,the positions of clothing openings effect on the total thermal insulation;among the various designs tested,openings applied at under-arm could most effectively release heat from the body.Meanwhile,openings applied at chest or under-arm also contributed to the air exchange between the microclimate around the body and the ambient environment during treadmill exercise,which increased the effectiveness of heat removal by convection and evaporation and resulted in lower mean skin temperature and clothing microclimate relative humidity.However,the effects of wind produced more significant differences on thermoregulation responses than the clothing openings did.In conclusion,the clothing openings placed at under-arm were the best choice in a clothing system with respect to desired thermoregulatory response and wearer comfort.