城市垃圾好氧堆肥渗沥水处理

我国城市垃圾的数量增长很快,全年排放垃圾7300万吨。处理城市垃圾的方法有焚烧、堆肥和填埋3大类。我国研究较多的是堆肥处理。在堆肥过程中有渗沥水产生。如不妥善处理,渗沥水就排入水体,将会严重污染水体。渗沥水处理问题,在某些地区已刻不容缓。作者首先调查了渗沥水的水质。结果表明 COD_(cr)(300000毫克/升)、BOD_5(15000毫克/升)、氨氮(800毫克/升)都较高。针对这种水质,试验了生化-物化处理的可行性。发现聚铁型凝聚剂对 COD_(cr)及色度有较高的去除率(分别为64.60％和93.8％);经活性污泥处理后,COD_(cr)的去除率也可达74.5％,弱鼓风搅拌处理,可脱除氨氮56.8％。好氧生化-物化联合处理的连续试验表明:除 COD 外,各项水质指标都达到国家工业废水排放标准。水生植物净化试验表明,凤眼莲对 COD 的去除可达64％。好氧生化-物化联合处理再加水生植物净化的渗沥水处理,工艺简单、经济效果和处理效果都好,是处理城市垃圾好氧堆肥渗沥水的有效途径之一。它对城市垃圾填埋渗透水的处理,也有应用的前途。

TREATING LEACHATE OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE OXYBIOTIC COMPOST

The amount of municipal refuse grows rapidly and now is more than 73 millon tons everyyear.Generally,there are three treatment methods:incinerating,composting and landfill.In our country,composting method is the one most used and studided.During compostingsome leachate will surely be produced and if we directly discharge it,a great pollution in waterwill result.In fact the problem of leachate treatment is imperative in some places.In this paper,the authors first looked into the quality of the leachate and found it con-taining a high percentage of COD_(cr)(30000mg/L),BOD_5(15000 mg/L)and NH_3-N(800mg/L).Then the feasibility of biological-physical chemical treatment of this leachate wastested.It was found that polyiron coagulant had a good removal efficiency for COD_(cr)andcolour(64.6 and 93.8 percent),that activated sludge treatment had a removal efficiency of74.5 percent for COD_(cr),and that aerating stir treatment had a removal efficiency of 56.8percent for NH3-N.After aerobic biological-physical chemical treatment all quality indexesexcept COD reached the state discharging standard.The aquatic plant purification verifiedthat the COD_(cr)removing efficiency was 64 percent.The proposed process for the purification of leachate by aerobic biological-physicalchemical treatment plus the use of aquatic plant has features of simplicity,economy and goodefficiency.It constifutes one of the most effective methods for the treatment of leachate ofmunicipal refuse oxybiotic compost,and will also be useful for the leachate treatment of mu-(?)icipal refuse landfill.