两栖类动物皮肤分泌抗菌肽的研究进展(动物科学)

近年因病原性细菌耐药性日趋严重,迫切需要从各种自然资源中寻找新的抗菌药物;因两栖类抗菌肽具有分子量小、水溶性好、抗原性低、抗菌作用强等优点,成为筛选抗菌药物的重要研究对象。本文就两栖抗菌肽的生物活性、分子结构、家族分类、抗菌分子机制、应用价值及研究前景等方面进行了综述。当前的研究表明,两栖类抗菌肽除具有抗菌作用外还有抗病毒抗肿瘤溶血等作用;它们因结构可分为3类:线性α-螺旋多肽、环性肽和含10～13个氨基酸残基长度的多肽;目前已发现抗菌肽有很多家族如Magainin家族、Aurein家族、Bombinin家族、Bombinin-like家族Brevinin家族等抗菌肽家族不同其生物活性也不同;它们杀菌主要通过膜裂解或膜不裂解机制完成;已发现两栖类抗菌肽在临床医药、食品保鲜防腐、农业生产等领域具有广阔的应用价值。随着在分子水平上深入的研究,两栖类抗菌肽将突破表达量低、特异性差、产量小、成本高等局限性,为人类制备新型抗菌药提供更多可用的资源。

Prospect on Antibacterial Peptides Secreted from Amphibian Skins

Due to drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria having been become serious in the recent years,it is rather impending to search for new antimicrobial drugs from various natural sources.Naturally,amphibian antibacterial peptides(ABPs) have been given much attentions and become an important object for our screening antimicrobial drugs from them because of ABP’s special features with small molecular weight,water-solubility and low antigenicity.This paper provides an overview on the biological activities,molecular structures,family classification,antimicrobial mechanism,application values and research prospects of ABPs.It was found that ABPs also have some anti-viral,anti-tumor and hemolytic activities in addition to anti-bacterial activity.According to their different structures there are three types of ABPs: linear α-helix peptide,loop peptide and peptide contains 10 to 13 amino acid residues,and it was found that there are many ABP families,such as Magainin family,Aurein family,Bombinin family,Bombinin-like family and Brevinin family etc.and they have the different activities because of belonging to different family.ABPs kill microorganism mainly by two mechanisms: lysis of plasma membrane or non-lysis of plasma membrane.Besides,ABPs have broad applications in clinical medicine,food preservation,and agricultural production.With in-depth study of the molecular structure of ABPs,the limitations,e.g.low expression,poor specificity,low yield and high cost during their production,will be eliminated and in the future,amphibian antimicrobial peptides will become more useful resources to produce new antimicrobial drugs for humans.