考虑拥堵道路停车惩罚的定制公交调度研究

为了满足城市产业聚集区乘客出行的个性化需求，同时缓解路网过饱和问题，提出了考虑拥堵道路停车惩罚的定制公交调度模型。分析定制公交运营条件和调度规则，标定拥堵道路停车载客成本惩罚函数和违反乘客时间窗惩罚函数，以乘客在车时间成本、车辆运行时间成本、违反乘客时间窗惩罚成本和拥堵道路停车惩罚成本构成的系统总成本最优为目标，建立了响应实时需求的定制公交调度决策模型。设计了改进遗传算法和插入算法进行问题的求解，以中关村软件园为实例来验证模型和算法的有效性。结果表明，定制公交在班次时长、满载率以及成本控制等目标上均能达到预期效果，模型和算法具有一定的可行性。

Customized bus dispatch considering parking penalty on congested roads

To meet the personalized needs of passenger travel in urban industrial agglomeration areas and to alleviate the problem of oversaturation of the road network, a customized bus dispatching model considering parking penalty on congested roads is proposed. First, the operation conditions and scheduling rules are analyzed. Then, the penalty functions for the cost of stopping and picking up passengers as well as violating passenger′s time window are demarcated. A customized bus dispatching decision-making model in response to the real-time demand is established with the goal of optimizing the total cost of the system, including the cost of carrying passenger time, the cost of bus operation time, the cost of violating passenger′s time window penalty and the cost of stopping on congested roads. Improved genetic algorithm and insertion algorithm are designed to solve the problem, and Zhongguancun Software Park is used as an example to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results show that the customized bus dispatching model can achieve the expected results with respect to the targets for shift length, full-load ratio, and cost control, thus confirming the feasibility of the model and algorithm.